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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2017-4-61-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-1024</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Макрофаги и опухолевая прогрессия: на пути к макрофаг-специфичной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Macrophages and tumor progression: on the way to macrophage-specific therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чердынцева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherdyntseva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, зав. лабораторией</p><p>лаборатория молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5 </p><p>вед. науч. сотрудник</p><p>лаборатория трансляционной клеточной и молекулярной биомедицины</p><p>634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, 36 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5, Per. Kooperativny, Tomsk, 634050</p><p>36, Lenina Av., Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvch@tnimc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мл. науч. сотрудник</p><p>лаборатория трансляционной клеточной и молекулярной биомедицины</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5 </p><p>аспирант</p><p>634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, 36 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5, Per. Kooperativny, Tomsk, 634050</p><p>36, Lenina Av., Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булдаков</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buldakov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник</p><p>лаборатория молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5 </p><p>ст. науч. сотрудник</p><p>лаборатория трансляционной клеточной и молекулярной биомедицины</p><p>634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, 36 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5, Per. Kooperativny, Tomsk, 634050</p><p>36, Lenina Av., Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стахеева</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stakheeva</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотрудник</p><p>лаборатория молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5, Per. Kooperativny, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Патышева</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Patysheva</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-лаборант</p><p>лаборатория молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5, Per. Kooperativny, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavjalova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, вед. науч. сотрудник</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5 </p><p>зав. кафедрой</p><p>кафедра патологической анатомии</p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5, Per. Kooperativny, Tomsk, 634050</p><p>2, Moskov Tract, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кжышковска</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kzhyshkowska</surname><given-names>J. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией</p><p>лаборатория трансляционной клеточной и молекулярной биомедицины</p><p>634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, 36 </p><p>зав. отделом</p><p>отдел врожденного иммунитета и толерантности</p><p>68167, г. Маннхайм, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer, 1-3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>36, Lenina Av., Tomsk, 634050</p><p>1-3, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer, Mannheim, 68167</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт (НИИ) онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук (РАН); Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет (НИ ТГУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS); National Research Tomsk State University (NR TSU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт (НИИ) онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук (РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт (НИИ) онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук (РАН); Сибирский государственный медицинский университет (СибГМУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS); Siberian Medical State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет (НИ ТГУ); Университет Гейдельберга, Институт трансфузионной медицины и иммунологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Tomsk State University (NR TSU); University of Heidelberg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чердынцева Н.В., Митрофанова И.В., Булдаков М.А., Стахеева М.Н., Патышева М.Р., Завьялова М.В., Кжышковска Ю.Г., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чердынцева Н.В., Митрофанова И.В., Булдаков М.А., Стахеева М.Н., Патышева М.Р., Завьялова М.В., Кжышковска Ю.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cherdyntseva N.V., Mitrofanova I.V., Buldakov M.A., Stakheeva M.N., Patysheva M.R., Zavjalova M.V., Kzhyshkowska J.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/1024">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/1024</self-uri><abstract><p>Согласно современной парадигме, предложенной Piter Novell [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>], канцерогенез – это процесс клональной эволюции, в котором последовательные циклы клональной селекции в адаптивном тканевом микроокружении дают начало опухолям с разнообразными генетическими и другими молекулярными изменениями, определяющими особенности биологического поведения каждой индивидуальной опухоли. Отбор разных по биологическим свойствам клонов приводит к гетерогенности клеток внутри одной опухоли и обеспечивает тем самым низкий эффект химиотерапии.</p><p>В среднем только 40–60% пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями эффективно отвечают на химиотерапию, и даже в случае первоначальной полной регрессии опухолей остается высокая вероятность рецидива [2, 3]. Повышение эффективности терапии солидных опухолей и снижение вероятности рецидива требует не только выбора оптимальных индивидуальных для каждого пациента схем терапии, но и разработки комбинированных подходов, направленных как на уничтожение опухолевых клеток, так и на противоопухолевое программирование микроокружения, где основную регуляторную роль играют иммунные клетки. Ключевыми клетками иммунной системы, определяющими взаимоотношения клеток опухоли с микроокружением, начиная с ранних стадий роста опухоли, включая регуляцию неоангиогенеза и до терминальной стадии диссеминации злокачественного процесса, являются опухолеассоциированные макрофаги (ОАМ) [4–6]. Идентификация путей, ответственных за поддерживающую опухоль функцию макрофагов, дает возможность разработки терапевтических подходов, которые сочетают в себе химиотерапию, в том числе таргетную, со стратегией блокирования макрофагов. Инструментом блокирования макрофагов может быть ингибиция их инфильтрации в опухоль, их уничтожение с помощью антимакрофагальных лекарственных агентов, выключение функции макрофагального колониестимулирующего фактора. Перспективны подходы одновременного воздействия на стволовые раковые клетки и ОАМ для отмены химиорезистентности и торможения опухолевой прогрессии. Развиваются стратегии перепрограммирования макрофагов с проопухолевыми функциями в клетки с противоопухо- левым фенотипом.</p><p>Таким образом, чрезвычайно широкий спектр регуляторной и эффекторной активности, с одной стороны, и высокая функциональная пластичность макрофагов, с другой, указывают на перспективность разработки макрофаг-направленных воздействий с целью создания таких условий для взаимоотношений опухоли и микроокружения, которые бы препятствовали прогрессии опухолевого процесса. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to the current paradigm proposed by Piter Novell [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>], carcinogenesis is a process of clonal evolution in which consequent cycles of clonal selection in the adaptive tissue microenvironment give rise to tumors with a variety of genetic and other molecular changes determining the biological behavior of each individual tumor. Selection of clones with different properties provides heterogeneity of cancer cells within one tumor and thus results in a low effectiveness of chemotherapy.</p><p>On the average, only 40–60% of cancer patients respond to chemotherapy, and even in the case of complete regression, there is a high probability of tumor recurrence [2, 3]. Increasing the effectiveness of solid tumor therapy and reducing the possibility of recurrence requires not only the use of optimal individual schemes of therapy for each patient, but also the development of combined approaches aimed at both the destruction of tumor cells and antitumor programming of the microenvironment, where immune cells plays a prominent regulatory role. The key cells of the immune system that determine the relationship between tumor cells and the microenvironment, from early stages of tumor growth, including the regulation of neoangiogenesis, and to terminal stage of dissemination of malignant process, are tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) [4– 6]. Identification of the pathways responsible for the tumor-supporting function of macrophages makes it possible to develop therapeutic approaches combining chemotherapy with the macrophage blocking strategy. Inhibition of macrophage infiltration into tumor, their removal with anti-macrophagal agents, and switching off the function of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor can be the macrophage blocking tools. Approaches of simultaneous alteration of cancer stem cells and TAM to abolish chemoresistance and inhibit tumor progression are promising. Strategies for reprogramming of macrophages to switch off towards the antitumor phenotype are developing.</p><p>Thus, an extremely wide range of regulatory and effector activity and high functional plasticity of macrophages promise the development of macrophage-targeted therapeutic agents to modulate relationships between tumor and microenvironment to prevent the tumor progression. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>опухолеассоциированные макрофаги</kwd><kwd>метастазирование</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>гетеро- генность опухоли</kwd><kwd>хитиназо-подобные белки</kwd><kwd>перепрограммирование макрофагов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tumor associated macrophages</kwd><kwd>metastasing</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>tumor heterogeneity</kwd><kwd>chitinase like proteins</kwd><kwd>macrophage reprogramming</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантом Российского научного фонда №14-15-00350.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nowell P.C. 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