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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2018-3-197-206</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-1299</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формирование фолликулярного резерва яичников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formation of ovarian reserve</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зенкина</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zenkina</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зенкина Виктория Геннадьевна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой биологии, ботаники и ýкологии.</p><p>690950,  Владивосток, пр. Острякова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zenkina Viktoriya G. - PhD, Аssociate Рrofessor, Нead of the Department of Biology, Botany and Ecology.</p><p>2, Ostryukova Str., 690950, Vladivostok</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zena-74@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет (ТГМУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pacific State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>197</fpage><lpage>206</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зенкина В.Г., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зенкина В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zenkina V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/1299">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/1299</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор литературы посвящен современным данным формирования овариального резерва женской половой железы. Соотношение между размером резерва яичников и репродуктивной продолжительностью жизни подчеркивает важность понимания регуляторных факторов и процессов, которые определяют его создание. Описаны маркеры и регуляторы овариального резерва, такие как ооцитарная фосфотидилинозитол-3-киназа, фактор стволовых клеток (kit-лиганд), способствующие выживанию фолликулов во время неонатального развития, синаптонемальный комплекс  (SCP3), являющийся маркером первого деления мейоза, а также гены DMC1 и PTEN, причастные к мейотическим преобразованиям и рекрутированию примордиальных фолликулов.</p><p>Изменения в экспрессии некоторых генов и факторов в плодных яичниках человека во время первичной сборки фолликулов в настоящее время дают представление о путях, контролирующих ранний фолликулогенез. Аберрантная продукция этих факторов может быть причиной дисфункции, развития овариальных расстройств и неполноценного фолликулярного резерва. Особо следует отметить степень изменения числа половых клеток на каждом из этапов, ведущих к созданию резерва яичников. Это изменение может повлиять на конечный размер фолликулярного запаса, а следовательно, репродуктивную продолжительность жизни человека и  здоровье в пострепродуктивном периоде. В частности, количество первичных фолликулов в период полового созревания положительно коррелирует с количеством растущих фолликулов и их реакцией на лечение гонадотропином. Размер овариального резерва зависит от генов, участвующих в пролиферации и дифференцировке зародышевых клеток, сексуальной дифференциации, мейозе, дегенерации зародышевых клеток, образовании первичных фолликулов и потенциальном механизме самообновления зародышевых стволовых клеток.</p><p>Установлен возможный молекулярный механизм, приводящий к мейотическому процессу в ооцитах с участием вышеуказанных генов и факторов, а также апоптических и антиапоптических сигналов: Bax, Bcl-2, p53, CDK1, Lsd1, Notch, Stra8, Dazl, Dmc1, Rec8, XIAP, PUMA. Следовательно, понимание всех тонкостей и молекулярных механизмов на каждом этапе закладки и развития яичников, половых клеток и их окружения, гибели гамет, может помочь поиску возможных регуляторов и предотвращению патологического истощения фолликулярного запаса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review of the literature is devoted to modern data on the formation of the ovarian reserve of the female sexual organ. The relationship between the size of the ovarian reserve and length of reproductive capacity emphasizes the importance of understanding the regulatory factors and processes that determine its creation. We described ovarian reserve markers and regulators such as oocyte phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase, a stem-cell factor (kit ligand) that promote the survival of follicles during neonatal development, synaptonemic complex (SCP3), which is the marker of the first division of meiosis, as well as genes DMC1 and PTEN, involved in meiotic transformations and recruitment of primordial follicles. Changes in the expression of some genes and factors in the human fetal ovaries during primary follicular assembly now give an idea of the ways controlling early folliculogenesis. Aberrant production of these factors can cause dysfunction, the development of ovarian disorders and a defective follicular reserve. In particular, the degree of change in the number of germ cells at each of the stages leading to the creation of an ovarian reserve should be noted. This change can affect the final size of the follicular stock, and, consequently, the reproductive longevity of a person and health in the postproductive period. In particular, the number of primary follicles during puberty is positively correlated with the number of growing follicles and their response to gonadotropin treatment. The size of the ovarian reserve depends on the genes involved in proliferation and differentiation of germ cells, sexual differentiation, meiosis, germ cell degeneration, the formation of primary follicles, and the potential mechanism for self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. For example, a possible molecular mechanism has been established leading to a meiotic process in oocytes involving the above genes and factors, as well as apoptotic and antiapoptical signals: Bax, Bcl-2, p53, CDK1, Lsd1, Notch, Stra8, Dazl, Dmc1, Rec8, XIAP , PUMA. Therefore, understanding all the subtleties and molecular mechanisms at each stage of laying down and developing the ovaries, sex cells and their environment, and the death of gametes, can help to search for possible regulators and prevent pathological depletion of the follicular stock.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фолликулогенез</kwd><kwd>репродуктивная продолжительность жизни</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические механизмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>follicular reserve</kwd><kwd>ovary</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic mechanisms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волкова О.В., Бичерова И.А., Демяшкин Г.А. Факторы роста и их значение в процессах репродукции. Фундаментальные исследования. 2006; 5: 82–83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkova O.V., Bicherova I.A., Demyashkin G.A. 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