ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2015-2-82-90ssmu-135Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESЭТИОЛОГИЯ И ПАТОГЕНЕЗ ТРОМБОЗА РЕТИНАЛЬНЫХ ВЕН: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION: THE ACTUAL STATE OF A PROBLEMКрыловаА. А.KrylovaA. A.

Крылова Анна Андреевна, очный аспирант кафедры офтальмологии

krilovane@yandex.ruЗапускаловИ. В.ZapuskalovI. V.

Запускалов Игорь Викторович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой офтальмологии

krilovane@yandex.ruКривошеинаО. И.KrivosheinaO. I.

Кривошеина Ольга Ивановна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры офтальмологии

krilovane@yandex.ruСибирский государственный медицинский университет, ТомскРоссияSiberian State Medical University, TomskRussian Federation2015280420151428290Copyright © Крылова А.А., Запускалов И.В., Кривошеина О.И., 20152015Крылова А.А., Запускалов И.В., Кривошеина О.И.Krylova A.A., Zapuskalov I.V., Krivosheina O.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/135

В настоящем литературном обзоре представлен современный взгляд на этиопатогенез тромбоза центральной вены сетчатки и ее ветвей. Установлено, что предикторами развития заболевания являются патология системы гемостаза, в том числе бессимптомные генные мутации факторов свертывания и рецепторов тромбоцитов, хронические вирусные инфекции, ревматологические и онкозаболевания, артериальная гипертензия, нарушения обмена веществ, курение, гиподинамия, воспалительные заболеваниях сетчатки и зрительного нерва, врожденные и приобретенные аномалии ретинальных сосудов, глаукома.В статье акцентировано внимание на причинах формирования тромба: повреждении сосудистой стенки, замедлении скорости кровотока в сосуде, гиперкоагуляции и гипофибринолизе. Проводится анализ наиболее известных теорий патогенеза окклюзий ретинальных вен – механической и теории коагулопатий, подробно рассматриваются их аргументы и контраргументы. Кроме того, подчеркнута необходимость мультидисциплинарного подхода к ведению пациентов с обтурацией вен сетчатки для улучшения клинико-функциональных результатов лечения и предотвращения случаев ретромбоза.

The review presents the actual questions of the etiopathogenesis of central retinal vein occlusion and its branches. It was found that predictors of disease is a pathology of haemostasis, including asymptomatic gene mutations of coagulation factors and platelet receptors, chronic viral infections, rheumatological and oncological diseases, hypertension, metabolic disorders, smoking, physical inactivity, inflammatory diseases of the retinal and optic nerve, congenital and acquired abnormalities of retinal vascular, glaucoma.The article also focused on the reasons for the formation of a blood clot. This is damage to the vascular wall, slowing the speed of blood flow in the vessel, hypercoagulation and hypofibrinolysis. Prevailing theories of the pathogenesis of retinal vein occlusion are analyzed. This is mechanical and theory “coag- ulopathy” whose arguments and counterarguments are discussed in detail. In addition, patients with reti- nal vein occlusion are needed in a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of this disease. It is to im- prove the clinical and functional results of therapy and prevent the case of retrombosis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.