ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2019-1-49-59ssmu-2170Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESМикробициды для топической иммунопрофилактики ВИЧ-инфекцииMicrobicides for topical immunoprevention of HIV infectionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-5527ЖерновЮ. В.ZhernovYu. V.

Жернов Юрий Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией врожденного иммунитета

115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

Zhernov Yury V., PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Innate Immunity

24, Kashirskoe Sh., Moscow, 115478

y.zhernov@nrcii.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-9640ХаитовМ. Р.KhaitovM. R.

Хаитов Муса Рахимович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор, Института иммунологии

115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

Khaitov Musa R., DМ, Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS, Director of Institute of Immunology

24, Kashirskoe Sh., Moscow, 115478

Институт иммунологииРоссияInstitute of ImmunologyRussian Federation2019160520191814959Copyright © Жернов Ю.В., Хаитов М.Р., 20192019Жернов Ю.В., Хаитов М.Р.Zhernov Y.V., Khaitov M.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/2170

Микробициды являются антисептическими топическими лекарственными средствами, способствующими напрямую или опосредованно сдерживать проникновение инфекционного агента в организм человека, тем самым предотвращая половую передачу вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) и других заболеваний, передающихся половым путем. Они обладают не только прямым местным противовирусным механизмом действия при половой передаче ВИЧ, но и влияют на компоненты мукозального иммунитета во влагалище.

В данной статье авторами рассмотрены фармацевтические и биомедицинские аспекты применения кандидатных микробицидов, представлены разнообразные классификации этих препаратов, описаны наиболее значимые представители каждой химической группы, указаны механизмы их действия. Помимо этого даны представления о структуре и функции мукозального иммунитета и показана значимость мукозального иммунного ответа на вирус при половой передаче ВИЧ-инфекции. Отдельно рассматриваются экспериментальные модели, которые применяются для тестирования кандидатных микробицидов. Для каждого описанного в статье химического соединения представлен краткий обзор доклинических и клинических исследований по разработке на его основе микробицида. Даны общие представления о таком новом разнообразном классе медицинских иммунобиологических препаратов, как микробициды, которые должны в ближайшем будущем уменьшить риск половой передачи ВИЧ и сдержать эпидемию ВИЧ-инфекции и синдрома приобретенного иммунодефицита (СПИД).

Microbicides are antiseptic topical drugs that help directly or indirectly inhibit the penetration of an infectious agent into the human body, thereby preventing the sexual transmission of HIV-infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Microbicides have an antiviral mechanism of action in the sexual transmission of HIV and affect the components of mucosal immunity in the vagina. In this article, the pharmaceutical and biomedical aspects of microbicide application are examined and diverse classifications of microbicides are presented. For each group of chemicals, the most important representatives and their mechanisms of action are described. This article also presents the structure and function of mucosal immunity, and shows the importance of the mucosal immune response in the sexual transmission of HIV. This work also exhibits the experimental models for testing of candidate microbicides. For each compound described, a review of preclinical research and clinical trials is provided, covering its development as a microbicide. This paper gives an overview of microbicides, a new class of chemically diverse immunobiological medications reducing the risk of sexual transmission of HIV. The use of microbicides is believed to curb the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the nearest future.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.