ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2019-1-84-95ssmu-2173Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESИммунофармакологические аспекты системы цитокиновImmunopharmacological aspects of the cytokine systemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8228-4240СимбирцевА. С.SimbirtsevA. S.

Симбирцев Андрей Семенович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, научный руководитель Государственного научно-исследовательского института особо чистых биопрепаратов

197110, г. Санкт-Петербург, Пудожская ул., 7

Simbirtsev Andrey S., Simbirtsev Andrey S., DM, Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS, Scientific Supervisor, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations

7, Pudozhskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 197110

simbirtsev@hpb-spb.comГосударственный научно-исследовательский институт особо чистых биопрепаратовРоссияImmunopharmacological aspects of the cytokine systemRussian Federation2019160520191818495Copyright © Симбирцев А.С., 20192019Симбирцев А.С.Simbirtsev A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/2173

Цитокины – это уникальное семейство эндогенных полипептидных медиаторов межклеточного взаимодействия. С точки зрения иммунофармакологии, цитокины могут быть выделены как отдельный класс иммунорегуляторных молекул, имеющих ряд общих биохимических свойств и плейотропный тип биологического действия. В системе цитокиновой регуляции и снижение, и возрастание уровней цитокинов могут стать причиной патологии. В организме существует несколько механизмов контроля для предотвращения возрастания уровня цитокинов, что позволяет избежать развития патологических изменений, обусловленных их гиперпродукцией. Синтезируясь одновременно, цитокины формируют цитокиновую цепь, когда удаление любого звена приводит к разрыву всего механизма формирования иммуновоспалительного процесса. У цитокинов как класса лекарственных препаратов есть безусловные преимущества, но и определенные недостатки, к которым относятся особенности фармакокинетики с коротким периодом циркуляции; побочные эффекты, связанные с плейотропным механизмом биологического действия, инъекционные формы. Рациональные подходы к клиническому использованию цитокинов заключаются в разработке пролонгированных лекарственных форм препаратов цитокинов, создании препаратов для местного применения и методов персонализированной цитокиновой терапии.

Cytokines represent a unique family of endogenous polypeptide mediators of intercellular interaction. From an immunopharmacological point of view cytokines can be marked out as a new, separate immunoregulatory molecule system and have some common biochemical properties and pleiotropic type of biological activity. In the cytokine regulatory system both reduction and elevation of cytokine levels can cause pathology. Several endogenous systems exist to control cytokine elevation and prevent tissue pathology. When synthesized simultaneously, cytokines form a cytokine chain. Deletion of any unit of this chain leads to the break in the formation of immunopathology. Cytokines as therapeutic preparations have evident advantages but also some limitations such as pharmacokinetics with short circulation period, adverse effects due to pleiotropic mode of action, and injectable drug forms. Rational design for clinical cytokine application could be linked with the development of prolonged and local drug forms or personalized cytokine therapy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.