ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2020-1-125-133ssmu-2692Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESРоль длинных некодирующих РНК в биологии опухолейThe role of long, non-coding RNA in the biology of tumorshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5460БейлерлиО. А.BeylerliO. A.obeylerli@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0835ГареевИ. Ф.GareevI. F.Башкирский государственный медицинский университет (БГМУ)РоссияBashkir State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202016042020191125133Copyright © Бейлерли О.А., Гареев И.Ф., 20202020Бейлерли О.А., Гареев И.Ф.Beylerli O.A., Gareev I.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/2692

Одним из наиболее значительных событий в последние годы в области молекулярно-биологических исследований стало признание биологической значимости некодирующих РНК. Оказалось, что значительная часть некодирующей части генома, которая составляет 98%, перезаписана. Помимо небольших РНК (таких как микроРНК) известно о длинных некодирующих РНК (lncRNAs), которые являются большой группой некодирующих РНК (ncRNAs) длиной более 200 нуклеотидов. Они играют роль в регуляции ряда основных молекулярных процессов (деление клеток, функция хроматина, активность микроРНК и т.д.). Многие из этих длинных некодирующих РНК были экспрессированы в опухолях по сравнению со здоровыми тканями, например H19, HOTAIR, MALAT1. Большое количество исследований выявило их роль на всех стадиях канцерогенеза и в модулировании метастазирования через регуляторные сети. Была замечена аберрантная экспрессия lncRNAs у больных раком. В этом контексте lncRNAs могут регулировать основные характеристики раковых клеток, контролируя программы экспрессии генов, связанные с их супрессивными и онкогенными функциями. Следовательно, они могут быть отличными биомаркерами и терапевтическими мишенями при лечении опухолей.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.