ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2020-1-160-171ssmu-2696Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESМикроРНК и малые интерферирующие РНК как инструменты направленной регуляции клеточных процессов для терапии онкологических заболеванийMicroRNAs and small interfering RNAs as tools for the directed regulation of cellular processes for cancer therapyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2269-0298КоминаА. В.KominaA. V.

канд. биол. наук, науч. сотрудник

Россия, 660036, г. Красноярск, ул. Академгородок, 50

Россия, 660036, г. Красноярск, ул. Академгородок, 15А

50, Акаdemgorodok Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation

15a, Акаdemgorodok Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation

komivlann@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2214-1336ЛаврентьевС. Н.LavrentievS. N.

1, P. Zheleznyaka Str., 660022, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8142-4283РукшаТ. Г.RukshaT. G.

1, P. Zheleznyaka Str., 660022, Russian Federation

Красноярский научный центр (КНЦ) Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (СО РАН); Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр (НМИЦ) гематологииРоссияKrasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch the Russian Academy of Sciences; National Research Medical Center оf GematologyRussian FederationКрасноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого (КрасГМУ им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого)РоссияKrasnoyarsk State Medical University n.a. prof. V.F. Voyno-YasenetskyRussian Federation202016042020191160171Copyright © Комина А.В., Лаврентьев С.Н., Рукша Т.Г., 20202020Комина А.В., Лаврентьев С.Н., Рукша Т.Г.Komina A.V., Lavrentiev S.N., Ruksha T.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/2696

МикроРНК и малые интерферирующие РНК (миРНК) относятся к обширному классу малых некодирующих РНК и играют важную роль в регуляции экспрессии генов в клетках. Показано, что изменения в количестве или эффективности воздействия этих молекул могут сопровождать развитие различных заболеваний, включая онкологические. Это позволило рассматривать их как перспективные диагностические и прогностические маркеры, а также инструменты для направленной регуляции синтеза белков в клетке и мишени для терапии. В данном обзоре суммированы основные знания о биогенезе, распространении и механизмах воздействия микроРНК и миРНК, а также способы направленного влияния на экспрессию генов с их помощью, используемые в настоящее время. Рассмотрены возможные варианты доставки молекул в клетку in vitro и in vivo.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.