ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2004-3-8-17ssmu-3642Research ArticleПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯEDITORIALГеномный импринтинг и его роль в этиологии наследственных болезней человекаGenomic imprinting and its role in ethiology of human hereditary diseasesНазаренкоС. А.NazarenkoS. A.

г. Томск

НИИ медицинской генетики ТНЦ СО РАМНRussian Federation20043009200433817Copyright © Назаренко С.А., 20042004Назаренко С.А.Nazarenko S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/3642

Геномный импринтинг является формой неменделевского эпигенетического наследования, которое характеризуется дифференциальной экспрессией гена в зависимости от его родительского происхождения – матери или отца. Известно уже около 60 импринтированных генов, многие из которых оказывают существенное влияние на рост и развитие плода. Основным эпигенетическим модификатором генома является метилирование цитозиновых оснований ДНК, определяющее взаимодействие между ДНК и белками, распознающими модифицированные основания, и регулирующее экспрессию генов через механизм компактизации—декомпактизации хроматина. Нарушения моноаллельной экспрессии генов приводят к развитию особого класса наследственных заболеваний человека — болезней геномного импринтинга.

Genomic imprinting is a form of non-Mendelian epigenetic inheritance that is defined by differential gene expression depending on its parental origin — maternal or paternal. It is known about 60 imprinted genes many of which effect significantly on the fetus growth and development. Methylation of DNA cytosine bases that defines the interaction of DNA and proteins identifying the modified bases and controls the gene expression through chromatin compacting-decompacting mechanism, is a main epigenetic genom modifier. Disturbances in monoallelic gene expression lead to the development of a special class of human hereditary diseases — genomic imprinting diseases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.