<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2020-4-14-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-4142</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальная модель метаболического синдрома у крыс на основе высокожировой и высокоуглеводной диеты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>High-fat, high-carbohydrate diet-induced experimental model of metabolic syndrome in rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-9786</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирулина</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Birulina</surname><given-names>J. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент, кафедра биофизики и функциональной диагностики</p><p>Россия, 634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">birulina20@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-4945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, руководитель Центра доклинических исследований ЦНИЛ</p><p>Россия, 634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6714-1938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буйко</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buyko</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант, Центр доклинических исследований ЦНИЛ; аспирант, Исследовательскаяшкола химических и биомедицинских технологий</p><p>Россия, 634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p><p>Россия, 634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation</p><p>30, Lenina Av., Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5145-2184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, кафедра биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики; начальник отдела фармакологических исследований </p><p>Россия, 634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p><p>Россия, 634021, г. Томск, ул. Елизаровых, 79/4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation</p><p>79/4, Elizarovikh Str., Tomsk, 634021, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5263-027X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смаглий</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smagliy</surname><given-names>L V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, кафедра биофизики и функциональной диагностики</p><p>Россия, 634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0119-9707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носарев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosarev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, кафедра биофизики и функциональной диагностики</p><p>Россия, 634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-4226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, кафедра биофизики и функциональной диагностики</p><p>Россия, 634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5047-8668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусакова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusakova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. кафедрой биофизики и функциональной диагностики</p><p>Россия, 634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры общей хирургии, СибГМУ, г. Томск</p><p>Россия, 634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, кафедра физической культуры и здоровья, СибГМУ</p><p>Россия, 634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный медицинский университет (СибГМУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный медицинский университет (СибГМУ);&#13;
Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет (НИ ТПУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University;&#13;
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный медицинский университет (СибГМУ);&#13;
ООО «Инновационные фармакологические разработки»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University;&#13;
Innovative Pharmacology Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бирулина Ю.Г., Иванов В.В., Буйко Е.Е., Быков В.В., Смаглий Л.В., Носарев А.В., Петрова И.В., Гусакова С.В., Попов О.С., Васильев В.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бирулина Ю.Г., Иванов В.В., Буйко Е.Е., Быков В.В., Смаглий Л.В., Носарев А.В., Петрова И.В., Гусакова С.В., Попов О.С., Васильев В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Birulina J.G., Ivanov V.V., Buyko E.E., Bykov V.V., Smagliy l.V., Nosarev A.V., Petrova I.V., Gusakova S.V., Popov O.S., Vasilev V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/4142">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/4142</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработать экспериментальную модель метаболического синдрома (МС) у крыс на основе высокожировой и высокоуглеводной диеты.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование выполнено на 20 самцах крыс линии Вистар, которые были распределены на контрольную и опытную группы. Крысы контрольной группы находились на стандартной диете. Крысы опытной группы в течение 12 нед получали высокожировую и высокоуглеводную диету, содержащую животный жир (17%), фруктозу (17%) и 20%-й раствор фруктозы вместо питьевой воды. В конце исследования у животных измеряли массу тела, артериальное давление (АД), проводили глюкозотолерантный (ГТТ) и инсулинотолерантный (ИТТ) тесты. В плазме крови определяли отдельные показатели липидного обмена, в печени – содержание триацилглицеролов (ТАГ) и холестерина (ХС).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Содержание животных на высокожировой и высокоуглеводной диете в течение 12 нед приводило к повышению АД, увеличению удельной массы висцеральной жировой ткани. Выполнение ГТТ и ИТТ позволило выявить у крыс с МС гипергликемию, нарушение толерантности к глюкозе и инсулинорезистентность. Было обнаружено увеличение концентрации ТАГ в плазме крови крыс опытной группы, при этом уровень общего ХС не отличался от контроля. У крыс с МС наблюдалось увеличение удельной массы печени, а также содержания в ней ТАГ и ХС.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученная экспериментальная модель диет-индуцированного метаболического синдрома воспроизводит большинство типичных признаков МС у человека и может быть полезна в изучении патофизиологических основ развития МС и методов его профилактики и лечения. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. The study is focused on development of high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet-induced experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MS) in rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The 6-week old Wistar rats (n = 20) were used for study. Rats were separated into control and experimental groups. The rats from the control group were fed standard rat chow. The rats from the experimental group had a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet rich in lard (17%) and fructose (17%) and  drank 20% fructose solution. At the end of the study, body weight and blood pressure (BP) were assessed. After 12 weeks of a diet load, an oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were carried out. Lipid and protein biochemical parameters in plasma were analyzed. Adipose tissue and liver were measured at the end of the study. The levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol (Сh) in the liver were determined by enzymatic methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. High-fat, high-carbohydrate diet feeding in rats for 12 weeks led to BP elevation and increase in the adipose tissue/body weight ratio. Hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were found in rats with MS by means of GTT and ITT. Elevation of plasma TAG level was observed in the experimental group, although plasma total Сh and HDL-Ch did not differ from those of controls. Liver/body weight ratio and the level of TAG and Ch in the liver were elevated in rats with MS.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Experimental rat model of diet-induced MS reproduces many aspects of MS in humans. This model may be useful for studying the pathophysiology of MS and methods for its prevention and treatment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>высокожировая и высокоуглеводная диета</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>дислипидемия</kwd><kwd>гипергликемия</kwd><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>high-fat</kwd><kwd>high-carbohydrate diet</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>dyslipidemia</kwd><kwd>hyperglycemia</kwd><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Томской области в рамках научного проекта № 19-415-703015 (№ 18-44-700009, 18-44703008) и Совета по грантам президента Российской Федерации (МК-143.2020.4)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by RFBR and Tomsk region according to the research project No. 19-415-703015 (No. 18-44-700009, 18-44703008) and by The Council for Grants of the President of the Russian Federation (CS-143.2020.4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alberti K.G., Zimmet P., Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome-a new world-wide definition. A consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabet. Med. 2006; 23 (5): 469–480. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alberti K.G., Zimmet P., Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome-a new world-wide definition. A consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabet. Med. 2006; 23 (5): 469–480. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saklayen M.G. The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 2018; 20 (2): 12. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0812-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saklayen M.G. The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 2018; 20 (2): 12. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0812-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aydin S., Aksoy A., Aydin S., Kalayci M., Yilmaz M., Kuloglu T., Citil C., Catak Z. Today’s and yesterday’s of pathophysiology: Biochemistry of metabolic syndrome and animal models. Nutrition. 2014; 30 (1): 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aydin S., Aksoy A., Aydin S., Kalayci M., Yilmaz M., Kuloglu T., Citil C., Catak Z. Today’s and yesterday’s of pathophysiology: Biochemistry of metabolic syndrome and animal models. Nutrition. 2014; 30 (1): 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Potenza M.V., Mechanick J.I. The metabolic syndrome: definition, global impact, and pathophysiology. Nutr. Clin. Pract. 2009; 24 (5): 560–577. DOI: 10.1177/0884533609342436.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potenza M.V., Mechanick J.I. The metabolic syndrome: definition, global impact, and pathophysiology. Nutr. Clin. Pract. 2009; 24 (5): 560–577. DOI: 10.1177/0884533609342436.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fowler M.J. Microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Clinical Diabetes. 2008; 26 (2): 77–82. DOI: 10.2337/diaclin.26.2.77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fowler M.J. Microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Clinical Diabetes. 2008; 26 (2): 77–82. DOI: 10.2337/diaclin.26.2.77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ройтберг Г.Е. Метаболический синдром. М.: МЕД-М54 пресс-информ, 2007: 224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ройтберг Г.Е. Метаболический синдром. М.: МЕД-М54 пресс-информ, 2007: 224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кравчук Е.Н., Галагудза М.М. Экспериментальные модели метаболического синдрома. Артериальная гипертензия. 2014; 20 (5): 377–383. DOI: 10.18705/1607-419X-2014-20-5-377-383.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кравчук Е.Н., Галагудза М.М. Экспериментальные модели метаболического синдрома. Артериальная гипертензия. 2014; 20 (5): 377–383. DOI: 10.18705/1607-419X-2014-20-5-377-383.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байрашева В.К., Пчелин И.Ю., Егорова А.Э., Василькова О.Н., Корнюшин О.В. Экспериментальные модели алиментарного ожирения у крыс. Juvenis Scientia. 2019; 9–10: 8–13. DOI: 10.32415/jscientia.2019.09-10.02.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Байрашева В.К., Пчелин И.Ю., Егорова А.Э., Василькова О.Н., Корнюшин О.В. Экспериментальные модели алиментарного ожирения у крыс. Juvenis Scientia. 2019; 9–10: 8–13. DOI: 10.32415/jscientia.2019.09-10.02.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwitek A.E. Rat models of metabolic syndrome. Methods Mol. Biol. 2019; 2018: 269–285. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9581-3_13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwitek A.E. Rat models of metabolic syndrome. Methods Mol. Biol. 2019; 2018: 269–285. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9581-3_13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panchal S.K., Brown L. Rodent models for metabolic syndrome research. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2011; 2011: 351982. DOI: 10.1155/2011/351982.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panchal S.K., Brown L. Rodent models for metabolic syndrome research. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2011; 2011: 351982. DOI: 10.1155/2011/351982.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gancheva S., Zhelyazkova-Savova M., Galunska B., Chervenkov T. Experimental models of metabolic syndrome in rats. Scripta Scientifica Medica. 2015; 47 (2): 23–30. DOI: 10.14748/ssm.v47i2.1145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gancheva S., Zhelyazkova-Savova M., Galunska B., Chervenkov T. Experimental models of metabolic syndrome in rats. Scripta Scientifica Medica. 2015; 47 (2): 23–30. DOI: 10.14748/ssm.v47i2.1145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moreno-Fernández S., Garcés-Rimón M., Vera G., Astier J., Landrier J.F., Miguel M. High fat/high glucose diet induces</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moreno-Fernández S., Garcés-Rimón M., Vera G., Astier J., Landrier J.F., Miguel M. High fat/high glucose diet induces</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">metabolic syndrome in an experimental rat model. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (10): 1502. DOI: 10.3390/nu10101502.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">metabolic syndrome in an experimental rat model. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (10): 1502. DOI: 10.3390/nu10101502.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lim J.S., Mietus-Snyder M., Valente A., Schwarz J.M., Lustig R.H. The role of fructose in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2010; 7: 251–264. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lim J.S., Mietus-Snyder M., Valente A., Schwarz J.M., Lustig R.H. The role of fructose in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2010; 7: 251–264. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panchal S.K., Poudyal H., Iyer A., Nazer R., Alam A., Diwan V., Kauter K., Sernia C., Campbell F., Ward L., Gobe G., Fenning A., Brown L. High-carbohydrate high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular remodeling in rats. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2011; 57 (5): 611–624. DOI: 10.1097/FJC.0b013e31821b1379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panchal S.K., Poudyal H., Iyer A., Nazer R., Alam A., Diwan V., Kauter K., Sernia C., Campbell F., Ward L., Gobe G., Fenning A., Brown L. High-carbohydrate high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular remodeling in rats. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2011; 57 (5): 611–624. DOI: 10.1097/FJC.0b013e31821b1379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadowska J., Bruszkowska M. Comparing the effects of sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup on lipid metabolism and the risk of cardiovascular disease in male rats. Acta Sci. Pol. Technol. Aliment. 2017; 16 (2): 231–240. DOI: 10.17306/J.AFS.0482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadowska J., Bruszkowska M. Comparing the effects of sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup on lipid metabolism and the risk of cardiovascular disease in male rats. Acta Sci. Pol. Technol. Aliment. 2017; 16 (2): 231–240. DOI: 10.17306/J.AFS.0482.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dupas J., Feray A. Goanvec C., Guernec A., Samson N., Bougaran P., Guerrero F., Mansourati J. Metabolic syndrome and hypertension resulting from fructose enriched diet in Wistar rats. Biomed. Res. Int. 2017; 2017: 2494067. DOI: 10.1155/2017/2494067.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dupas J., Feray A. Goanvec C., Guernec A., Samson N., Bougaran P., Guerrero F., Mansourati J. Metabolic syndrome and hypertension resulting from fructose enriched diet in Wistar rats. Biomed. Res. Int. 2017; 2017: 2494067. DOI: 10.1155/2017/2494067.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patarrao R.S., Lautt W.W., Macedo M.P. Assessment of methods and indexes of insulin sensitivity. Rev. Port. Endocrinol. Diabetes Metab. 2014; 9 (1): 65–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.rpedm.2013.10.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patarrao R.S., Lautt W.W., Macedo M.P. Assessment of methods and indexes of insulin sensitivity. Rev. Port. Endocrinol. Diabetes Metab. 2014; 9 (1): 65–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.rpedm.2013.10.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Folch J., Lees M., Sloane-Stanley G.H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 1957; 226 (1): 497–509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Folch J., Lees M., Sloane-Stanley G.H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 1957; 226 (1): 497–509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dobiásová M., Frohlich J. The plasma parameter log (TG/HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apoB- lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FER(HDL)). Clin. Biochem. 2001; 34 (7): 583–588. DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(01)00263-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobiásová M., Frohlich J. The plasma parameter log (TG/HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apoB- lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FER(HDL)). Clin. Biochem. 2001; 34 (7): 583–588. DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(01)00263-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagai Y., Yonemitsu S., Erion D.M., Iwasaki T., Stark R., Weismann D., Dong J., Zhang D., Jurczak M.J., Löffler M.G., Cresswell J., Yu X.X., Murray S., Bhanot S., Monia B.P., Bogan J.S., Samuel V., Shulman G.I. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 beta in the pathogenesis of fructose-induced insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2009; 9 (3): 252–264. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2009.01.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagai Y., Yonemitsu S., Erion D.M., Iwasaki T., Stark R., Weismann D., Dong J., Zhang D., Jurczak M.J., Löffler M.G., Cresswell J., Yu X.X., Murray S., Bhanot S., Monia B.P., Bogan J.S., Samuel V., Shulman G.I. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 beta in the pathogenesis of fructose-induced insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2009; 9 (3): 252–264. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2009.01.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dos Santos Lacerda D., Garbin de Almeida M., Teixeira C., De Jesus A., Da Silva Pereira J.E., Martins Bock P., Pegas Henriques J.A., Gomez R., Dani C., Funchal C. Biochemical and physiological parameters in rats fed with high-fat diet: the protective effect of chronic treatment with purple grape juice (Bordo Variety). Beverages. 2018; 4 (4): 100. DOI: 10.3390/beverages4040100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dos Santos Lacerda D., Garbin de Almeida M., Teixeira C., De Jesus A., Da Silva Pereira J.E., Martins Bock P., Pegas Henriques J.A., Gomez R., Dani C., Funchal C. Biochemical and physiological parameters in rats fed with high-fat diet: the protective effect of chronic treatment with purple grape juice (Bordo Variety). Beverages. 2018; 4 (4): 100. DOI: 10.3390/beverages4040100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткачук В.А., Воротников А.В. Молекулярные механизмы развития резистентности к инсулину. Сахарный диабет. 2014; 2: 29–40. DOI: 10.14341/DM2014229-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ткачук В.А., Воротников А.В. Молекулярные механизмы развития резистентности к инсулину. Сахарный диабет. 2014; 2: 29–40. DOI: 10.14341/DM2014229-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schaefer E.J., Gleason J.A., Dansinger M.L. Dietary fructose and glucose differentially affect lipid and glucose homeostasis. J. Nutr. 2009; 139 (6): 1257–1262. DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.098186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schaefer E.J., Gleason J.A., Dansinger M.L. Dietary fructose and glucose differentially affect lipid and glucose homeostasis. J. Nutr. 2009; 139 (6): 1257–1262. DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.098186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alam M.A., Kauter K., Brown L. Naringin improves diet- induced cardiovascular dysfunction and obesity in high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. Nutrients. 2013; 5 (3): 637–650. DOI: 10.3390/nu5030637.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alam M.A., Kauter K., Brown L. Naringin improves diet- induced cardiovascular dysfunction and obesity in high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. Nutrients. 2013; 5 (3): 637–650. DOI: 10.3390/nu5030637.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernández-Macías J.C., Ochoa-Martínez A.C., Varela- Silva J.A., Pérez-Maldonado I.N. Atherogenic index of plasma: novel predictive biomarker for cardiovascular illnesses. Arch. Med. Res. 2019; 50 (5): 285–294. DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.08.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernández-Macías J.C., Ochoa-Martínez A.C., Varela- Silva J.A., Pérez-Maldonado I.N. Atherogenic index of plasma: novel predictive biomarker for cardiovascular illnesses. Arch. Med. Res. 2019; 50 (5): 285–294. DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.08.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basaranoglu M., Basaranoglu G., Sabuncu T., Sentürk H. Fructose as a key player in the development of fatty liver disease. World J. Gastroenterol. 2013; 19 (8): 1166–1172. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i8.1166.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basaranoglu M., Basaranoglu G., Sabuncu T., Sentürk H. Fructose as a key player in the development of fatty liver disease. World J. Gastroenterol. 2013; 19 (8): 1166–1172. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i8.1166.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
