ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2021-2-130-138ssmu-4389Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESФакторы патогенеза язвенного колита: мейнстрим-2020Pathogenetic factors of ulcerative colitis: mainstream for 2020https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-9152БикбавоваГ. Р.BicbavovaG. R.

 канд. мед. наук, доцент, кафедра госпитальной терапии, эндокринологии

Россия, 644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина, 12

 12, Lenina Str., Omsk, 644099, Russian Federation 

galiya1976@mail.ruЛивзанМ. А.LivzanM. A.

 д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой факультетской терапии и гастроэнтерологии, ректор

ORCID 0000-0001-6581-7017 

Россия, 644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина, 12

 12, Lenina Str., Omsk, 644099, Russian Federation 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-4045ЛозинскаяМ. Ю.LozinskayaM. Yu.

 клинический ординатор

Россия, 644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина, 12

 12, Lenina Str., Omsk, 644099, Russian Federation 

Омский государственный медицинский университет (ОмГМУ)РоссияOmsk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202115072021202130138Copyright © Бикбавова Г.Р., Ливзан М.А., Лозинская М.Ю., 20212021Бикбавова Г.Р., Ливзан М.А., Лозинская М.Ю.Bicbavova G.R., Livzan M.A., Lozinskaya M.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/4389

 Причины возникновения язвенного колита до сих пор неизвестны. Значительные успехи в понимании патогенеза этого заболевания достигнуты в ХХI в. и доказывают комплексное участие нарушенного иммунного ответа по отношению к антигенам собственной кишечной  микрофлоры у генетически предрасположенных лиц под воздействием определенных факторов внешней среды.  Дебют заболевания провоцируется факторами, которые  нарушают эпителиальный барьер и изменяют состав  микробиоты кишечника, тем самым стимулируя аномальный иммунный ответ. Исследования последних лет открывают как абсолютно новые гипотезы его возникновения и развития, так и подробно  расшифровывают уже известные механизмы патогенеза  болезни. В представленном обзоре мы сосредоточились на  новых концепциях патогенеза язвенного колита –  генетических, экологических, барьерных и микробиомных  факторах. Подробно представили строение и роль эпителиального барьера, обозначили специфические гены, которые участвуют в регуляции барьерной функции эпителия кишечника при язвенном колите. Поиск  литературы, содержащей информацию о соответствующих  исследованиях, проводился в системах PubMed и Google  Scholar по следующим ключевым словам: язвенный колит, микробиота толстой кишки, барьерная функция,  генетическая предрасположенность, предрасполагающие  факторы.  

 The causes of ulcerative colitis are still unknown. Scientists made important  advances in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease in the 21st century.  Complex involvement of an impaired immune response in relation to antigens  of the intestinal microbiota in genetically predisposed individuals under the  influence of certain environmental factors was revealed. The factors that disrupt  the epithelial barrier and alter the composition of the intestinal  microbiota trigger the onset of the disease, thereby stimulating an impaired  immune response. Recent studies have discovered completely new hypotheses  of its origin and development, gradually interpreting the already known pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. In this review, we focused on the new concepts in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. We examined genetic, environmental, barrier, and microbial factors. We went into detail on the structure and role of the epithelial barrier, identified specific genes that are  involved in the regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier function in ulcerative  colitis. We studied the literature containing information on relevant  studies in PubMed and Google Scholar citation systems, using such key words  as ulcerative colitis, colon microbiota, barrier function, genetic predisposition, and predisposing factors. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.