ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2021-2-191-201ssmu-4397Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESДиффузионные данные магнитно-резонансной томографии: разработка методологии и инструментов использования в диагностике и лечении заболеваний головного мозгаDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging data: development of methods and tools for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7725-5090УразоваК. А.UrazovaK. A.

 инженер-физик, отделение радиохирургии и радиотерапии; аспирант, кафедра физики ускорителей и радиационной медицины

Россия, 125047, г. Москва, 4-я Тверская-Ямская ул., 16 

Россия, 119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, 1/2 

16, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya Str., Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation

1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

kurazova@nsi.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4386-4223ГорлачёвГ. Е.GorlachevG. E.

 канд. физ.-мат. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник, группа клинической дозиметрии

Россия, 115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 

24, Kashirskoye Highway, Moscow, 115478, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-046XЧерняевА. П.ChernyaevA. P.

 д-р физ.-мат. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой физики ускорителей и радиационной медицины 

Россия, 119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, 1/2

1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0976-4547ГолановА. В.GolanovA. V.

  д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН, зав. отделением радиохирургии и радиотерапии

Россия, 125047, г. Москва, 4-я Тверская-Ямская ул., 16 

16, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya Str., Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation

Научный медицинский исследовательский центр (НМИЦ) нейрохирургии имени академика Н.Н. Бурденко; Московский государственный университет (МГУ) имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияN.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationНаучный медицинский исследовательский центр (НМИЦ) онкологии имени Н.Н. БлохинаРоссияN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of OncologyRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет (МГУ) имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationНаучный медицинский исследовательский центр (НМИЦ) нейрохирургии имени академика Н.Н. БурденкоРоссияN.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for NeurosurgeryRussian Federation202118072021202191201Copyright © Уразова К.А., Горлачёв Г.Е., Черняев А.П., Голанов А.В., 20212021Уразова К.А., Горлачёв Г.Е., Черняев А.П., Голанов А.В.Urazova K.A., Gorlachev G.E., Chernyaev A.P., Golanov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/4397

 Использование различных карт количественных характеристик диффузии несет в себе большой потенциал для медицинской  диагностики и терапии патологии головного мозга, так как  позволяет классифицировать опухоли, определять степень их  злокачественности, дифференцировать различные  морфологические структуры опухолевых и неопухолевых  патологических процессов (таких как строма опухоли, зоны некроза, кисты, различные виды отека и т.д.), прогнозировать  течение и исход заболеваний, в частности клинический ответ на проведенное лечение. На основе диффузионно-взвешенной томографии возможна реализация трехмерной реконструкции волокон белого вещества головного мозга, называемая  трактографией. Помимо уникальной возможности  визуализировать расположение трактов относительно  интракраниальных патологических изменений, данная  технология позволяет строить и анализировать комплексные карты сложных сетей связей в головном мозге (коннектомика).Обзор посвящен обсуждению физико-технической концепции диффузионно-взвешенной томографии, ключевых направлений применения в случае опухолевых и неопухолевых процессов, а также проблем, затрудняющих процесс корректной интерпретации результатов. Так как в настоящий момент остается актуальной задача применения программного  обеспечения для работы с диффузионными показателями магнитно-резонансной томографии, то в представленном  обзоре показан собственный опыт разработки приложения в рамках проекта по созданию эффективных методик  интерпретации диффузионных данных и построению трактов белого вещества головного мозга. 

 The use of quantitative mapping of diffusion characteristics carries great potential for diagnosis and therapy of brain diseases, since it potentially allows to classify tumors, determine the degree of their malignancy, differentiate various morphological structures of tumor and non-tumor pathologies (such as  tumor stroma, necrotic zones, cysts, various types of edema, etc.), and predict the course and outcome of diseases, in particular, a clinical response to treatment. Based on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is possible to perform 3D modeling of the white matter pathways of the brain, which is called tractography. In addition to a unique ability to visualize the location of tracts in relation to intracranial pathologies, this technology allows to build and analyze complex maps of communication networks in the brain (connectomics).The review is devoted to the discussion of the physical and technical concept of diffusion weighted MRI, the key ways of its application in tumor and non-tumor processes, and problems that complicate correct interpretation of results. Since the problem of developing software for diffusion MRI data remains relevant, this review presents our own experience in developing an application as part of a project on creating effective methods for processing diffusion MRI data and modeling white matter tracts. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.