ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2021-3-129-140ssmu-4490Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESПотенциал использования микроРНК в судебно-медицинской экспертизеThe potential use of miRNAs in forensic sciencehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0835ГареевИ. Ф.GareevI. F.

 канд. мед. наук, науч. сотрудник, Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория 

 Россия, 450008, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3 

 3, Lenina Str., Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russian Federation 

ilgiz_gareev@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5460БейлерлиО. А.BeylerliO. A.

 науч. сотрудник, Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория 

 Россия, 450008, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3 

 3, Lenina Str., Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russian Federation 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-9243ИзмайловА. А.IzmailovA. A.

 д-р мед. наук, профессор, гл. врач

Россия, 450054, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, пр. Октября, 73/1

73/1, Oktyabrya Av., Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450054, Russian Federation

Башкирский государственный медицинский университет (БГМУ)РоссияBashkir State Medical University (BSMU)Russian FederationРеспубликанский клинический онкологический диспансерРоссияRepublican Clinical Oncological DispensaryRussian Federation202121102021203129140Copyright © Гареев И.Ф., Бейлерли О.А., Измайлов А.А., 20212021Гареев И.Ф., Бейлерли О.А., Измайлов А.А.Gareev I.F., Beylerli O.A., Izmailov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/4490

Применение молекулярно-генетических подходов для идентификации тканей и биологических жидкостей организма, которые часто дают важную информацию для реконструкции потенциального преступления, является актуальной темой судебно-медицинских исследований. МикроРНК – это короткие, в среднем 18–22 нуклеотида, одноцепочечные некодирующие РНК, которые регулируют экспрессию генов на посттранскрипционном уровне путем связывания с 3’-нетранслируемой областью (3’-НТО) специфических мРНК-мишеней, что приводит к уменьшению экспрессии белка посредством блокады трансляции и (или) способствуя деградации мРНК-мишеней. МикроРНК участвуют практически во всех биологических процессах, включая клеточную пролиферацию, апоптоз и дифференцировку клеток. Через воздействие на гены-мишени микроРНК участвуют в регуляции многих патологических процессов. Кроме того, во многих биологических жидкостях организма человека, таких как кровь, были обнаружены многочисленные микроРНК, называемые циркулирующими микроРНК. Молекулярно-генетические подходы, несомненно, превосходят гистологические и иммунологические анализы в характеристике тканей, и микроРНК, благодаря характерной для них тканеспецифичности и стабильности в биологических жидкостях, несомненно, имеют потенциал в применении в судебно-медицинской практике и заслуживают внимания экспертов.

 The use of molecular genetic approaches to identification of tissues and biological fluids of the body, which often provide important information for reconstruction of a potential crime, is relevant for forensic studies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded noncoding RNAs (containing on average 18–22 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding to the 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) of specific mRNA targets, which results in a decrease in protein expression by blocking translation and / or promotes degradation oftarget mRNAs. MiRNAs are involved in virtually all biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. By acting on target genes, miRNAs are involved in regulation of many pathological processes.In addition, numerous miRNAs called circulating miRNAs were found in  many biological fluids of the human body, for example, in blood. Molecular genetic approaches undoubtedly outperform histological and  immunological tests in tissue characterization, and miRNAs, due to their characteristic tissue specificity and stability in biological fluids, have potential for application in forensic practice and are of great interest for experts. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.