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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2021-4-103-111</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-4587</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Кинурениновый переключатель» и ожирение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Kynurenine switch” and obesity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-7706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестопалов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestopalov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор управления последипломного образования, ординатуры, аспирантуры, 117997, г. Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1;</p><p>зав. кафедрой биохимии и молекулярной биологии, 117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Samory Mashela Str., Moscow, 117997;</p><p>1, Ostrovityanovа Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4265-1293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, кафедра биохимии и молекулярной биологии, </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Ostrovityanovа Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shatova.op@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5588-3259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карбышев</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karbyshev</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент, кафедра биохимии и молекулярной биологии, </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Ostrovityanovа Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-1294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гапонов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaponov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. лабораторией инфекционной иммунологии, </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Samory Mashela Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7309-8913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москалева</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskaleva</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник, Центр биофармацевтического анализа и метаболомных исследований, Институт трансляционной медицины и биотехнологии, </p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 2/4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 2/4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апполонова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Appolonova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук, руководитель Центра биофармацевтического анализа и метаболомных исследований, Институт трансляционной медицины и биотехнологии, </p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 2/4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 2/4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-6689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тутельян</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tutelyan</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН, зав. лабораторией инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи, </p><p>111123, г. Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 3A, Novogireevskaya Str., Moscow, 111123</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-0266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, аналитик, </p><p>119121, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1, Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow, 119121</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-8004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, генеральный директор Центра,</p><p>119121, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10/1, Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow, 119121</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7418-0222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Roumiantsev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН, зав. кафедрой онкологии, гематологии и лучевой терапии, </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Ostrovityanovа Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр (НМИЦ) Детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева;&#13;
Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет (РНИМУ) им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology;&#13;
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет (РНИМУ) им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр (НМИЦ) Детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский&#13;
университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт (НИИ) эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора Российской Федерации (РФ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шестопалов А.В., Шатова О.П., Карбышев М.С., Гапонов А.М., Москалева Н.Е., Апполонова С.А., Тутельян А.В., Макаров В.В., Юдин С.М., Румянцев С.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шестопалов А.В., Шатова О.П., Карбышев М.С., Гапонов А.М., Москалева Н.Е., Апполонова С.А., Тутельян А.В., Макаров В.В., Юдин С.М., Румянцев С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shestopalov A.V., Shatova O.P., Karbyshev M.S., Gaponov A.M., Moskaleva N.E., Appolonova S.A., Tutelyan A.V., Makarov V.V., Yudin S.M., Roumiantsev S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/4587">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/4587</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить содержание метаболитов бактериального и эукариотического происхождения индольного, кинуренинового и серотонинового путей обмена триптофана у пациентов с ожирением.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием изучили концентрации сывороточных метаболитов: кинуренина, кинуреновой кислоты, антраниловой кислоты, ксантуреновой кислоты, хинолиновой кислоты, 5-гидросииндол-3-ацетата, триптамина, серотонина, индол-3-лактата, индол-3-ацетата, индол-3-бутирата, индол-3-карбоксальдегида, индол-3-акрилата, индол-3-пропионата у пациентов с ожирением в сравнении с группой здоровых добровольцев.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что у пациентов с ожирением в сыворотке крови статистически значимо повышен уровень метаболитов триптофанового обмена микробиотического и эукариотического происхождения. Концентрация кинуренина в сыворотке крови у больных с ожирением составляла 2 413 ± 855 нмоль/л, тогда как у здоровых добровольцев такой же возрастной группы – 2 122 ± 863 нмоль/л. Также у пациентов с ожирением в сыворотке крови были повышены две кислоты, которые образуются в результате метаболизма кинуренина – кинуреновая и хинолиновая. Концентрация кинуреновой кислоты в сыворотке крови у пациентов с ожирением составляла 21,1 ± 9,26 нмоль/л, а у здоровых 16,8 ± 8,37 нмоль/л соответственно. Тогда как концентрация хинолиновой кислоты в сыворотке крови при ожирении – 73,1 ± 54,4 нмоль/л, а у здоровых добровольцев – 56,8 ± 34,1 нмоль/л. В норме концентрация хинолиновой кислоты в 3,4 раза выше, чем концентрация кинуреновой кислоты, а при ожирении происходит сопоставимое их повышение. Из производных индола, которые имеют преимущественно микробиотическое происхождение, в сыворотке крови пациентов с ожирением статистически значимо повышена концентрация индол-3-лактата, индол-3-бутирата и индол-3-ацетата. У пациентов с ожирением концентрация в сыворотке крови метаболита серотонина – 5-гидроксииндол-3-ацетата – была повышена и составляла 74,6 ± 75,8 нмоль/л (у здоровых добровольцев – 59,4 ± 36,6 нмоль/л); индол-3-лактата – 523 ± 251 нмоль/л (у здоровых добровольцев 433 ± 208 нмоль/л); индол-3-ацетата – 1 633 ± 1166 нмоль/л (у здоровых добровольцев 1 186 ± 826 нмоль/л); индол-3-бутирата – 4,61 ± 3,31 нмоль/л (у здоровых добровольцев 3,85 ± 2,51 нмоль/л).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. При ожирении происходит интенсификация утилизации триптофана как микробиотической популяцией кишечника, так и макроорганизмом. Установлено, что больные с ожирением имеют более высокие концентрации кинуренина, хинолиновой и кинуреновой кислот, индол-3-ацетата, индол-3-лактата, индол-3-бутирата и 5-гидроксииндол-3-ацетата. Видимо, на фоне гиперпродукции провоспалительных цитокинов адипоцитами у пациентов с ожирением срабатывает «кинурениновый переключатель», что и обеспечивает гиперпродукцию метаболитов триптофанового обмена, которые вовлечены в иммунологическую функцию макроорганизма. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the concentrations of bacterial and eukaryotic metabolites mainly involved in indole, kynurenine, and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism in a cohort of patients with obesity. Materials and methods. Using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, the concentrations of several serum metabolites, such as kynurenine, kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid, xanthurenic acid, quinolinic acid, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetate, tryptamine, serotonin, indole-3-lactate, indole-3-acetate, indole-3- butyrate, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-acrylate, and indole-3-propionate, were analyzed in a cohort of obese patients compared with healthy volunteers.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that serum levels of tryptophan metabolites of microbial and eukaryotic origin were significantly increased in obese patients. Therefore, the concentration of kynurenine in the blood serum in obese patients was 2,413 ± 855 nmol / l, while in healthy volunteers of the same age group, the level of kynurenine in the blood serum was 2,122 ± 863 nmol / l. In obese patients, two acids formed due to kynurenine metabolism; the concentrations of kynurenic and quinolinic acids were increased in the blood serum. The concentration of kynurenic acid in the blood serum in obese patients was 21.1 ± 9.26 nmol / l, and in healthy patients, it was 16.8 ± 8.37 nmol / l. At the same time, the level of quinolinic acid in the blood serum in obese patients was 73.1 ± 54.4 nmol / l and in healthy volunteers – 56.8 ± 34.1 nmol / l. Normally, the level of quinolinic acid is 3.4 times higher than the concentration of kynurenic acid, and in case of obesity, there is a comparable increase in these acids in the blood serum.</p><p>From indole derivatives, mainly of microbial origin, the concentrations of indole-3-lactate, indole-3-butyrate, and indole-3-acetate were significantly increased in the blood serum of obese patients. In obese patients, the serum concentration of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetate was elevated to 74.6 ± 75.8 nmol / l (in healthy volunteers – 59.4 ± 36.6 nmol / l); indole-3-lactate – to 523 ± 251 nmol / l (in healthy volunteers – 433 ± 208 nmol / l); indole-3-acetate – to 1,633 ± 1,166 nmol / l (in healthy volunteers – 1,186 ± 826 nmol / l); and indole-3-butyrate – to 4.61 ± 3.31 nmol / l (in healthy volunteers – 3.85 ± 2.51 nmol / l).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In case of obesity, the utilization of tryptophan was intensified by both the microbiota population and the macroorganism. It was found that obese patients had higher concentrations of kynurenine, quinolinic and kynurenic acids, indole-3-acetate, indole-3-lactate, indole-3-butyrate, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetate. Apparently, against the background of increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by adipocytes in obese patients, the “kynurenine switch” was activated which contributed to subsequent overproduction of tryptophan metabolites involved in the immune function of the macroorganism. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>триптофан</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>кинуренины</kwd><kwd>индолы</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>tryptophan</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>kynurenines</kwd><kwd>indoles</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках договора № 0373100122119000041 по проекту «Создание банка биообразцов сыворотки крови и фекалий от здоровых доноров и пациентов с ожирением, метаболическим синдромом, сахарным диабетом II типа, нарушением мукозального барьера желудочнокишечного тракта с целью выявления кандидатных видонеспецифических медиаторов систем quorum sensing микробиоты человека, модулирующих эндокринную и метаболическую функцию жировой ткани».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out under the agreement No.0373100122119000041 within the project “Creation of a bank of blood serum and fecal samples from healthy donors and patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes mellitus, and breach in the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier to identify candidate speciesnonspecific mediators of the human microbiota quorum sensing systems that modulate the endocrine and metabolic function of adipose tissue”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Comai S., Bertazzo A., Brughera M., Crotti S. 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