ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2021-4-143-152ssmu-4591Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESСинаптические нейромолекулы и их роль в патогенезе аллергического ринитаSynaptic transmission molecules and their role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2776-5834КлимовА. В.KlimovA. V.

канд. мед. наук, ассистент, кафедра оториноларингологии, 

634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2

2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3628-2436KaлюжинО. В.KalyuzhinO. V.

д-р мед. наук, профессор, кафедра клинической иммунологии и аллергологии, 

119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2

8/2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6673-7556KлимовВ. В.KlimovV. V.

д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой иммунологии и аллергологии, 

634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2

2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050

klimov@mail.tomsknet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-2086НайдинаО. А.NaidinaO. A.

канд. мед. наук, ассистент, кафедра иммунологии и аллергологии, 

634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2

2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050

Сибирский государственный медицинский университет (СибГМУ)РоссияSiberian State Medical University (SSMU)Russian FederationПервый Московский медицинский государственный университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian FederationСибирский государственный медицинский университет (СибГМУ)РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian Federation202103012022204143152Copyright © Климов А.В., Kaлюжин О.В., Kлимов В.В., Найдина О.А., 20222022Климов А.В., Kaлюжин О.В., Kлимов В.В., Найдина О.А.Klimov A.V., Kalyuzhin O.V., Klimov V.V., Naidina O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/4591

мунные клетки и молекулы, а также синаптические нейромолекулы играют регуляторную роль в путях коммуникации на уровне всего организма, когда возникает необходимость максимального вовлечения ресурсов для отражения инфекций и подавления опухолей. При потенциальной аллергии нейроиммунная сеть контролирует поддержание аллергенной толерантности и на системном, и на локальном уровнях.

Данный обзор фокусируется на рассмотрении разных нейромолекул и нашем понимании баланса и дисбаланса иммунной и нервной систем при аллергическом воспалении, включая аллергический ринит. Однако все еще остается нерешенным вопрос о механизмах патогенеза двух эндотипов ринита, классического аллергического ринита и локального аллергического ринита, и степени влияния на него нейроиммунной сети. 

Immune cells and molecules, as well as synaptic transmission molecules play a regulatory role in the communication pathways of the entire body when it is necessary to engage all body resources in the fight against infections or tumor cells wherever they appear. In potential allergy, the neuroimmune network controls allergen tolerance maintenance at both local and systemic levels.

The review focuses on different neurotransmitters and our understanding of a balance and imbalance between the immune system and the nervous system in allergic inflammation, including allergic rhinitis. However, the pathogenesis of the two endotypes of rhinitis (conventional allergic rhinitis and local allergic rhinitis) and the impact of the neuroimmune network on it remain unresolved. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.