ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2021-4-171-179ssmu-4594Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESРоль нутриентов и пробиотических препаратов в терапии депрессииThe role of nutrients and probiotics in treatment of depressionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-4206НезнановН. Г.NeznanovN. G.

д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор, 192019, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3;

зав. каф. психиатрии и наркологии, 197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6/8

3, Bekhtereva Str., St. Petersburg, 192019;

6/8, Lva Tolstogo Str., St. Petersburg, 197022

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-2036РукавишниковГ. В.RukavishnikovG. V.

канд. мед. наук, cт. науч. сотрудник, отделение трансляционной психиатрии, 

192019, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3

3, Bekhtereva Str., St. Petersburg, 192019

grigory_v_r@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-2195КасьяновЕ. Д.KasyanovE. D.

мл. науч. сотрудник, отделение трансляционной психиатрии, 

192019, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3

ГанзенкоМ. А.GanzenkoM. A.

мл. науч. сотрудник, отделение трансляционной психиатрии, 

192019, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3

3, Bekhtereva Str., St. Petersburg, 192019

ЛеоноваЛ. В.LeonovaL. V.

ординатор, мл. науч. сотрудник, отделение трансляционной психиатрии,

192019, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3

3, Bekhtereva Str., St. Petersburg, 192019

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-1007ЖиляеваТ. В.ZhilyaevaT. V.

д-р мед. наук, доцент, кафедра психиатрии, 

603005, г. Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1

10/1, Minina and Pozarskogo Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, 603005

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7036-5927МазоГ. Э.MazoG. E.

д-р мед. наук, руководитель отделения трансляционной психиатрии, зам. директора по  инновационному развитию, 

192019, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3

3, Bekhtereva Str., St. Petersburg, 192019

Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии (НМИЦ ПН) имени В.М. Бехтерева; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет (ПСПбГМУ) имени академика И.П. ПавловаРоссияV.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology; I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии (НМИЦ ПН) имени В.М. БехтереваРоссияV.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and NeurologyRussian FederationПриволжский исследовательский медицинский университет (ПИМУ)РоссияPrivolzhsky Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation202104012022204171179Copyright © Незнанов Н.Г., Рукавишников Г.В., Касьянов Е.Д., Ганзенко М.А., Леонова Л.В., Жиляева Т.В., Мазо Г.Э., 20222022Незнанов Н.Г., Рукавишников Г.В., Касьянов Е.Д., Ганзенко М.А., Леонова Л.В., Жиляева Т.В., Мазо Г.Э.Neznanov N.G., Rukavishnikov G.V., Kasyanov E.D., Ganzenko M.A., Leonova L.V., Zhilyaeva T.V., Mazo G.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/4594

В настоящее время появляется все больше сведений о роли различных экологических факторов (особенностей питания, бактериальной флоры человека и проч.) в формировании депрессии. Воздействие на указанные факторы может быть эффективно не только в лечении депрессивного расстройства, но и его ранней профилактике. Таким образом, более подробное изучение роли экологических факторов в формировании депрессии может способствовать как лучшему пониманию этиопатогенеза данного заболевания, так и оптимизации подходов по борьбе с ним.

Цель обзора: оценить потенциальную роль в формировании депрессии ряда экологических факторов, связанных с нутритивными аспектами и особенностями микрофлоры индивида, а также перспективность стратегии воздействия на данные факторы в лечении и профилактике депрессивного расстройства. 

Currently, a growing amount of data is emerging on the role of various environmental factors (nutrients, gut microbiota, etc.) on formation of depression. The impact on these factors can be effective not only in treatment of major depressive disorder, but also in its early prevention. Therefore, a more detailed study of environmental factors in depression can lead both to a better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disorder and to optimization of approaches to its treatment. The aim of the review was to assess the potential role of a number of environmental factors associated with nutritional aspects and characteristics of individual microflora, as well as to review the prospects of a strategy for affecting these factors in treatment and prevention of depression. 

депрессиянутриентывитаминыпробиотикимикробиомэкологические факторыdepressionnutrientsvitaminsprobioticsmicrobiomeenvironmental factorsReferencesURL: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depressionURL: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depressionIonescu D., Papakostas G. Experimental medication treatment approaches for depression. Transl. Psychiatry. 2017; 7 (3): e1068. DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.33.Ionescu D., Papakostas G. Experimental medication treatment approaches for depression. Transl. Psychiatry. 2017; 7 (3): e1068. DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.33.Sparling T.M., Henschke N., Nesbitt R.C., Gabrysch S. The Role of Diet and Nutritional Supplementation in Perinatal Depression: a Systematic Review. Matern. Child Nutr. 2017; 13 (1): 10.1111/mcn.12235. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12235.Sparling T.M., Henschke N., Nesbitt R.C., Gabrysch S. The Role of Diet and Nutritional Supplementation in Perinatal Depression: a Systematic Review. Matern. Child Nutr. 2017; 13 (1): 10.1111/mcn.12235. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12235.Huang R., Wang K., Hu J. Effect of Probiotics on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2016; 8 (8): pii: E483. DOI: 10.3390/nu808048331.Huang R., Wang K., Hu J. Effect of Probiotics on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2016; 8 (8): pii: E483. DOI: 10.3390/nu808048331.Naderi N., House, J.D. Recent Developments in Folate Nutrition. Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 2018; 83: 195–213. DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.12.006Naderi N., House, J.D. Recent Developments in Folate Nutrition. Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 2018; 83: 195–213. DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.12.006Fava M., Mischoulon D. Folate in depression: efficacy, safety, differences in formulations, and clinical issues. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2009; 70 (5): 12–17. DOI: 10.4088/JCP.8157su1c.03.Fava M., Mischoulon D. Folate in depression: efficacy, safety, differences in formulations, and clinical issues. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2009; 70 (5): 12–17. DOI: 10.4088/JCP.8157su1c.03.Resler G., Lavie R., Campos J. et al. Effect of folic acid combined with fluoxetine in patients with major depression on plasma homocysteine and vitamin B12, and serotonin levels in lymphocytes. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2008; 15 (3): 145– 152. DOI: 10.1159/000151527.Resler G., Lavie R., Campos J. et al. Effect of folic acid combined with fluoxetine in patients with major depression on plasma homocysteine and vitamin B12, and serotonin levels in lymphocytes. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2008; 15 (3): 145– 152. DOI: 10.1159/000151527.Касьянов Е.Д., Мазо Г.Э. Нарушения одноуглеродного обмена при терапевтически резистентных депрессиях: два семейных клинических случая. Фармакогенетика и фармакогеномика. 2019; 2: 43–43. DOI: 10.24411/2588-0527-2019-10064.Касьянов Е.Д., Мазо Г.Э. Нарушения одноуглеродного обмена при терапевтически резистентных депрессиях: два семейных клинических случая. Фармакогенетика и фармакогеномика. 2019; 2: 43–43. DOI: 10.24411/2588-0527-2019-10064.Papakostas G.I., Shelton R.C., Zajecka J.M., et al. Effect of adjunctivel-methylfolate 15 mg among inadequate responders to SSRIs in depressed patients who were stratified by biomarker levels and genotype. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2014; 75 (8): 855–863. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.13m08947.Papakostas G.I., Shelton R.C., Zajecka J.M., et al. Effect of adjunctivel-methylfolate 15 mg among inadequate responders to SSRIs in depressed patients who were stratified by biomarker levels and genotype. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2014; 75 (8): 855–863. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.13m08947.Wilson L.R., Tripkovic L., Hart K.H., Lanham-New S.A. Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 in future fortification strategies. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2017; 76 (3): 392–399. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665117000349Wilson L.R., Tripkovic L., Hart K.H., Lanham-New S.A. Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 in future fortification strategies. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2017; 76 (3): 392–399. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665117000349Депрессия и риск развития соматических заболеваний: руководство для врачей; под ред. Н.Г. Незнанова, Г.Э. Мазо, А.О. Кибитова. М.: Специальное издательство медицинских книг, 2018: 248.Депрессия и риск развития соматических заболеваний: руководство для врачей; под ред. Н.Г. Незнанова, Г.Э. Мазо, А.О. Кибитова. М.: Специальное издательство медицинских книг, 2018: 248.Дорофейков В.В., Петрова Н.Н., Задорожная М.С. Диагностическое и прогностическое значение определения витамина D(OН) в сыворотке крови при депрессии. Медицинский алфавит. 2018; 2 (17): 47–52.Дорофейков В.В., Петрова Н.Н., Задорожная М.С. Диагностическое и прогностическое значение определения витамина D(OН) в сыворотке крови при депрессии. Медицинский алфавит. 2018; 2 (17): 47–52.Li G., Mbuagbaw L., Samaan Z., Zhang S., Adachi J.D., Papaioannou A., Thabane L. Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in depression in adults: a systematic review protocol. Syst. Rev. 2013;2: 64. DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-2-64.Li G., Mbuagbaw L., Samaan Z., Zhang S., Adachi J.D., Papaioannou A., Thabane L. Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in depression in adults: a systematic review protocol. Syst. Rev. 2013;2: 64. DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-2-64.Amini S., Amani R., Jafarirad S., Cheraghian B., Sayyah M., Hemmati A.A. The effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, estradiol levels and severity of symptoms in women with postpartum depression: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Nutr. Neurosci. 2020; Online ahead of print: 1–11. DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2019.1707396.Amini S., Amani R., Jafarirad S., Cheraghian B., Sayyah M., Hemmati A.A. The effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, estradiol levels and severity of symptoms in women with postpartum depression: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Nutr. Neurosci. 2020; Online ahead of print: 1–11. DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2019.1707396.Bertone-Johnson E.R., Powers S.I., Spangler L. et al. Vitamin D supplementation and depression in the women’s health initiative calcium and vitamin D trial. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2012; 176 (1): 1–13. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr482.Bertone-Johnson E.R., Powers S.I., Spangler L. et al. Vitamin D supplementation and depression in the women’s health initiative calcium and vitamin D trial. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2012; 176 (1): 1–13. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr482.Gowda U., Mutowo M.P., Smith B.J., Wluka A.E., Renzaho A.M. Vitamin D supplementation to reduce depression in adults: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition. 2015; 31 (3): 421–429. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.06.017.Gowda U., Mutowo M.P., Smith B.J., Wluka A.E., Renzaho A.M. Vitamin D supplementation to reduce depression in adults: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition. 2015; 31 (3): 421–429. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.06.017.Васьковский В.Е., Горбач Т.А., Есипов А.В., Светашев В.И., Яцкова М.А. Препараты омега-3 жирных кислот и их применение в медицине. Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал. 2010; 40 (2): 15–19.Васьковский В.Е., Горбач Т.А., Есипов А.В., Светашев В.И., Яцкова М.А. Препараты омега-3 жирных кислот и их применение в медицине. Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал. 2010; 40 (2): 15–19.Rapaport M.H., Nierenberg A.A., Schettler P.J. et al. Inflammation as a predictive biomarker for response to omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder: a proof-of-concept study. Mol. Psychiatry. 2016; 21 (1): 71–79. DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.22.Rapaport M.H., Nierenberg A.A., Schettler P.J. et al. Inflammation as a predictive biomarker for response to omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder: a proof-of-concept study. Mol. Psychiatry. 2016; 21 (1): 71–79. DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.22.Peet M., Horrobin D.F. A dose-ranging study of the effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in patients with ongoing depression despite apparently adequate treatment with standard drugs. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2002; 59 (10): 913–919. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.913.Peet M., Horrobin D.F. A dose-ranging study of the effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in patients with ongoing depression despite apparently adequate treatment with standard drugs. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2002; 59 (10): 913–919. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.913.Ginty A.T., Conklin S.M. Short-term supplementation of acute long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may alter depression status and decrease symptomology among young adults with depression: A preliminary randomized and placebo controlled trial. Psychiatry Res. 2015; 229 (1-2): 485– 489. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.072.Ginty A.T., Conklin S.M. Short-term supplementation of acute long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may alter depression status and decrease symptomology among young adults with depression: A preliminary randomized and placebo controlled trial. Psychiatry Res. 2015; 229 (1-2): 485– 489. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.072.Sublette M.E., Ellis S.P., Geant A.L., Mann J.J. Meta-analysis of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in clinical trials in depression. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2011; 72 (12): 1577–1584. DOI: 10.4088/JCP.10m06634.Sublette M.E., Ellis S.P., Geant A.L., Mann J.J. Meta-analysis of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in clinical trials in depression. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2011; 72 (12): 1577–1584. DOI: 10.4088/JCP.10m06634.Кострюкова Е.С., Алифирова В.М., Жукова Н.Г. и др. Обонятельная дисфункция и изменение микробиоты как ранние немоторные проявления болезни Паркинсона. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2016; 15 (5): 66–74. DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2016-5-66-74.Кострюкова Е.С., Алифирова В.М., Жукова Н.Г. и др. Обонятельная дисфункция и изменение микробиоты как ранние немоторные проявления болезни Паркинсона. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2016; 15 (5): 66–74. DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2016-5-66-74.Cussotto S., Sandhu K.V., Dinan T.G., Cryan J.F. The neuroendocrinology of the microbiota-gut-brain axis: A behavioural perspective. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2018; 51: 80–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.04.002.Cussotto S., Sandhu K.V., Dinan T.G., Cryan J.F. The neuroendocrinology of the microbiota-gut-brain axis: A behavioural perspective. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2018; 51: 80–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.04.002.Carabotti M., Scirocco A., Maselli M.A., Severi C. The gutbrain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Ann. Gastroenterol. 2015; 28 (2): 203–209.Carabotti M., Scirocco A., Maselli M.A., Severi C. The gutbrain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Ann. Gastroenterol. 2015; 28 (2): 203–209.Ferrer M., Méndez-García C., Rojo D., Barbas C., Moya A. Antibiotic use and microbiome function. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2017; 134: 114–126. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.007.Ferrer M., Méndez-García C., Rojo D., Barbas C., Moya A. Antibiotic use and microbiome function. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2017; 134: 114–126. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.007.Blaser M.J. Antibiotic use and its consequences for the normal microbiome. Science. 2016; 352 (6285): 544–545. DOI: 10.1126/science.aad9358.Blaser M.J. Antibiotic use and its consequences for the normal microbiome. Science. 2016; 352 (6285): 544–545. DOI: 10.1126/science.aad9358.Morgun A., Dzutsev A., Dong X., et al. Uncovering effects of antibiotics on the host and microbiota using transkingdom gene networks. Gut. 2015; 64 (11): 1732–1743. DOI: 10.1136/ gutjnl-2014-308820.Morgun A., Dzutsev A., Dong X., et al. Uncovering effects of antibiotics on the host and microbiota using transkingdom gene networks. Gut. 2015; 64 (11): 1732–1743. DOI: 10.1136/ gutjnl-2014-308820.Champagne-Jorgensen K., Kunze W.A., Forsythe P., Bienenstock J., McVey Neufeld K.A. Antibiotics and the nervous system: More than just the microbes? Brain Behav. Immun. 2019; 77: 7–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.12.014.Champagne-Jorgensen K., Kunze W.A., Forsythe P., Bienenstock J., McVey Neufeld K.A. Antibiotics and the nervous system: More than just the microbes? Brain Behav. Immun. 2019; 77: 7–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.12.014.Savitz J., Preskorn S., Teague T.K., Drevets D., Yates W., Drevets W. Minocycline and aspirin in the treatment of bipolar depression: a protocol for a proof-of-concept, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 x 2 clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2012; 2 (1): e000643. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000643.Savitz J., Preskorn S., Teague T.K., Drevets D., Yates W., Drevets W. Minocycline and aspirin in the treatment of bipolar depression: a protocol for a proof-of-concept, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 x 2 clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2012; 2 (1): e000643. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000643.Khalesi S., Bellissimo N., Vandelanotte C., Williams S., Stanley D., Irwin C. A review of probiotic supplementation in healthy adults: helpful or hype? Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2019; 73 (1): 24–37. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0135-9.Khalesi S., Bellissimo N., Vandelanotte C., Williams S., Stanley D., Irwin C. A review of probiotic supplementation in healthy adults: helpful or hype? Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2019; 73 (1): 24–37. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0135-9.Dinan T.G., Stanton C., Cryan J.F. Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic. Biol. Psychiatry. 2013; 74 (10): 720– 726. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.001.Dinan T.G., Stanton C., Cryan J.F. Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic. Biol. Psychiatry. 2013; 74 (10): 720– 726. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.001.Liu R.T., Walsh R.F.L., Sheehan A.E. Prebiotics and probiotics for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2019; 102: 13–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.023.Liu R.T., Walsh R.F.L., Sheehan A.E. Prebiotics and probiotics for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2019; 102: 13–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.023.Ng Q.X., Peters C., Ho C.Y.X, Lim D.Y., Yeo W.S. A meta-analysis of the use of probiotics to alleviate depressive symptoms. J. Affect. Disord. 2018; 228: 13–19. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.063.Ng Q.X., Peters C., Ho C.Y.X, Lim D.Y., Yeo W.S. A meta-analysis of the use of probiotics to alleviate depressive symptoms. J. Affect. Disord. 2018; 228: 13–19. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.063.Butler M.I., Mörkl S., Sandhu K.V., Cryan J.F., Dinan T.G. The gut microbiome and mental health: what should we tell our patients? Can. J. Psychiatry. 2019; 64 (11): 747–760. DOI: 10.1177/0706743719874168.Butler M.I., Mörkl S., Sandhu K.V., Cryan J.F., Dinan T.G. The gut microbiome and mental health: what should we tell our patients? Can. J. Psychiatry. 2019; 64 (11): 747–760. DOI: 10.1177/0706743719874168.Kelly J.R., Allen A.P., Temko A. et al. Lost in translation? The potential psychobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) fails to modulate stress or cognitive performance in healthy male subjects. Brain Behav. Immun. 2017; 61: 50–59. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.018.Kelly J.R., Allen A.P., Temko A. et al. Lost in translation? The potential psychobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) fails to modulate stress or cognitive performance in healthy male subjects. Brain Behav. Immun. 2017; 61: 50–59. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.018.Okubo R., Koga M., Katsumata N. et al. Effect of bifidobacterium breve A-1 on anxiety and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia: A proof-of-concept study. J. Affect. Disord. 2019; 245: 377–385. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.011.Okubo R., Koga M., Katsumata N. et al. Effect of bifidobacterium breve A-1 on anxiety and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia: A proof-of-concept study. J. Affect. Disord. 2019; 245: 377–385. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.011.Flowers S.A., Baxter N.T., Ward K.M. et al. Effects of atypical antipsychotic treatment and resistant starch supplementation on gut microbiome composition in a cohort of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Pharmacotherapy. 2019; 39 (2): 161–170. DOI: 10.1002/phar.2214.Flowers S.A., Baxter N.T., Ward K.M. et al. Effects of atypical antipsychotic treatment and resistant starch supplementation on gut microbiome composition in a cohort of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Pharmacotherapy. 2019; 39 (2): 161–170. DOI: 10.1002/phar.2214.Sanchez-Villegas A., Martínez-González M.A. Diet, a new target to prevent depression? BMC Med. 2013; 11: 3. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-3.Sanchez-Villegas A., Martínez-González M.A. Diet, a new target to prevent depression? BMC Med. 2013; 11: 3. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-3.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.