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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2022-2-48-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-4811</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интерфероны альфа и гамма, пидотимод и тилорон в лечении острых респираторных инфекций у пациентов с аллергическим ринитом: проспективное когортное клинико-иммунологическое исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interferons alpha and gamma, pidotimod, and tilorone in the treatment of acute respiratory infections in patients with allergic rhinitis: a prospective, cohort clinical and immunological study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3628-2436</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калюжин</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalyuzhin</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калюжин Олег Витальевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра клинической иммунологии и аллергологии</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kalyuzhin@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-8143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Понежева</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponezheva</surname><given-names>L. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Понежева Лиана Оскаровна – аспирант, кафедра клинической иммунологии и аллергологии</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ponejevaliana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2893-0854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турапова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turapova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Турапова Александра Николаевна – младший научный сотрудник, клинический отдел инфекционной патологии</p><p>111123, г. Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3a, Novogireevskaya Str., Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alyaspid@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2337-3307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуртазина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurtazina</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нуртазина Асель Юсуповна – кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент, кафедра клинической иммунологии и аллергологии</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asel26nurtazina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8099-6201</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Быков Анатолий Сергеевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bykov_a_s@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1930-5424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Караулов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karaulov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Караулов Александр Викторович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, зав. кафедрой клинической иммунологии и аллергологии</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drkaraulov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет (МГМУ) им. И.М.Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт (ЦНИИ) эпидемиологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калюжин О.В., Понежева Л.О., Турапова А.Н., Нуртазина А.Ю., Быков А.С., Караулов А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калюжин О.В., Понежева Л.О., Турапова А.Н., Нуртазина А.Ю., Быков А.С., Караулов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalyuzhin O.V., Ponezheva L.O., Turapova A.N., Nurtazina A.Y., Bykov A.S., Karaulov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/4811">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/4811</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – сравнить клиническую эффективность и влияние на выработку и рецепцию интерферонов (ИФН) препаратов с иммуноопосредованным противовирусным действием, потенцирующих иммунный ответ 1-го типа (Т1), в лечении острых респираторных инфекций (ОРИ) у пациентов с аллергическим ринитом.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Больные ОРИ (n = 146) с сезонным аллергическим ринитом в стадии ремиссии распределены на четыре когорты. Помимо симптоматической терапии пациенты получали либо 2 000 МЕ ИФН-γ в каждый носовой ход 5 раз/сут; либо ректальные свечи, содержащие 106 МЕ ИФН-α2b и антиоксиданты (АО), 2 раза/сут и гель с ИФН-α2b и АО интраназально 3 раза/сут; либо 400 мг пидотимода per os 2 раза/сут; либо 125 мг тилорона per os в 1, 2, 4 и 6-е сут. Выраженность клинических проявлений ОРИ определяли ежедневно по сумме 10-балльных оценок 15 симптомов. Концентрации ИФН-α и ИФН-γ в сыворотке крови и способность клеток крови вырабатывать эти цитокины ex vivo спонтанно и при стимуляции вирусом болезни Ньюкасла или фитогемагглютинином изучали с помощью иммуноферментного анализа. Доли циркулирующих лимфоцитов, экспрессирующих субъединицу-2 рецептора ИФН I типа (CD118) или α-цепь рецептора ИФН-γ (CD119), определяли методом проточной цитофлуориметрии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Симптомы ОРИ во всех когортах регрессировали в целом сходным образом. Однако пидотимод с 5-х сут лечения купировал симптомы эффективнее других препаратов, а на фоне приема тилорона регрессия проявлений ОРИ задерживалась в первые 2–3 сут, после чего симптомы быстро угасали. Обнаружено исходное снижение индуцированной продукции ИФН-γ у пациентов, подлежащих лечению пидотимодом, и тенденция к уменьшению этого показателя в других когортах. После лечения индуцированная выработка ИФН-γ во всех группах не отличалась от таковой у здоровых доноров. Не установлено существенной динамики и отличий между группами по долям CD118+ - и CD119+ -лимфоцитов, за исключением снижения количества CD118+ -клеток на фоне приема тилорона. Лечение ИФН-α2b с АО вызывало незначительную тенденцию к увеличению доли CD119+ - и CD118+ -лимфоцитов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Препараты, поляризующие иммунный ответ в направлении Т2→T1, являются полезной опцией в лечении ОРИ у больных с аллергическим ринитом.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To compare the clinical efficacy and influence on interferon (IFN) production / sensing of drugs with immunemediated antiviral effects, which potentiate type 1 (T1) immune responses, in the treatment of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in patients with allergic rhinitis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 146 ARI patients with remission of seasonal allergic rhinitis were divided into 4 cohorts. In addition to symptomatic therapy, patients received either 2,000 IU of IFNγ in each nasal passage 5 times a day; or rectal suppositories containing 106 IU of IFN-α2b and antioxidants (AO) twice a day, and a gel with IFN-α2b and AO intranasally 3 times a day; or 400 mg of pidotimod per os twice a day; or 125 mg of tilorone per os on days 1, 2, 4, and 6. The severity of ARI was determined daily as the sum of 10-point scores for 15 symptoms. Serum concentrations of IFNα and IFNγ and the ability of blood cells to produce these cytokines ex vivo spontaneously and upon stimulation with Newcastle disease virus or phytohemagglutinin were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proportions of circulating lymphocytes expressing type I IFN receptor subunit 2 (CD118) or IFNγ receptor α-chain (CD119) were determined by flow cytometry.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. ARI symptoms in all cohorts generally regressed in a similar way. However, from day 5 of the treatment, pidotimod relieved symptoms more effectively than other drugs. In patients treated with tilorone, the regression of ARI manifestations was delayed in the first two to three days, followed by rapid symptom reduction. An initial decrease in the induced production of IFNγ was found in patients treated with pidotimod, and a tendency to a decrease in this parameter was noted in other cohorts. The induced production of IFNγ after the treatment in all groups did not differ from that in healthy donors. No significant changes and differences in the proportions of CD118+ and CD119+ lymphocytes were found between the cohorts, except for a decrease in the number of CD118+ cells after the treatment with tilorone. In patients treated with IFN-α2b + AO, the proportions of CD119+ and CD118+ lymphocytes tended to increase slightly.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Drugs that promote the development of T1 over T2 immune responses are a useful option for treating ARI in patients with allergic rhinitis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острые респираторные инфекции</kwd><kwd>интерферон гамма</kwd><kwd>интерферон альфа-2b</kwd><kwd>антиоксиданты</kwd><kwd>пидотимод</kwd><kwd>тилорон</kwd><kwd>рецепторы интерферонов</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ 1-го типа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute respiratory infections</kwd><kwd>interferon gamma</kwd><kwd>interferon alpha-2b</kwd><kwd>antioxidants</kwd><kwd>pidotimod</kwd><kwd>tilorone</kwd><kwd>interferon receptors</kwd><kwd>type 1 immune responses</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gentile D.A., Fireman P., Skoner D.P. Elevations of local leukotriene C4 levels during viral upper respiratory tract infections. Ann. 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