ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2022-2-195-206ssmu-4830Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESРоль белков сурфактанта SP-A и SP-D при вирусной инфекции, фокус на COVID-19The role of surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in viral infection: a focus on COVID-19https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8788-685XХарламоваО. С.KharlamovаO. S.

Харламова Ольга Сергеевна – младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория неотложной терапии, НИИТиПМ – ИЦиГ СО РАН; заведующая терапевтическим отделением, (ГКБ № 25)

630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Б. Богаткова, 175/1,

630075, г. Новосибирск, ул. А. Невского, 1а

1a, A. Nevskogo Str., Novosibirsk, 630075

olga.kharlamova2016@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-6203НиколаевК. Ю.NikolaevK. Yu.

Николаев Константин Юрьевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник с возложением обязанностей заведующий лабораторией неотложной терапии, НИИТиПМ – ИЦиГ СО РАН; НГУ

630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Б. Богаткова, 175/1,

630090, г. Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2

2, Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090

nikolaevky@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4936-8362РагиноЮ. И.RaginoYu. I.

Рагино Юлия Игоревна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, руководитель

630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Б. Богаткова, 175/1

ragino@mail.ruНаучно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра «Институт цитологии и генетики» Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (НИИТиПМ – ИЦиГ СО РАН); Городская клиническая больница № 25 (ГКБ № 25)РоссияResearch Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; City Clinical Hospital No. 25Russian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра «Институт цитологии и генетики» Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (НИИТиПМ – ИЦиГ СО РАН); Новосибирский государственный университет (НГУ)РоссияResearch Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра «Институт цитологии и генетики» Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (НИИТиПМ – ИЦиГ СО РАН)РоссияResearch Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202218072022212195206Copyright © Харламова О.С., Николаев К.Ю., Рагино Ю.И., 20222022Харламова О.С., Николаев К.Ю., Рагино Ю.И.Kharlamovа O.S., Nikolaev K.Y., Ragino Y.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/4830

Неотъемлемой частью поддержания физиологического функционирования бронхолегочной системы и эффективного газообмена является иммунологический ответ на инвазию вирусных патогенов. Одними из ключевых белков, участвующих в идентификации вирусных частиц, являются представители семейства коллагенсодержащих лектинов типа С (легочные коллектины). Они обладают образ-распознающими рецепторами, которые идентифицируют ассоциированные с патогенами молекулярные паттерны, в частности, вирусные гликопротеины. К легочным коллектинам относятся белки сурфактанта SP-A и SP-D, которые состоят из тримеризованных единиц и олигомеризуются в структуры более высокого порядка. Эти белки играют ключевую роль в распознавании и элиминации микробных патогенов (вирусов, бактерий, грибов, паразитов, наночастиц, аллергенов) посредством разнообразных механизмов. С учетом бремени пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции, вызванной SARS-CoV-2, крайне важно обратить внимание на роль белков сурфактанта SP-A и SP-D в патогенезе ответа на данную вирусную инвазию. В настоящее время известны указания на непосредственное взаимодействие белков сурфактанта и вирусов, принадлежащих к семейству Coronaviridae. Белки SP-A и SP-D модулируют воспалительные реакции и синтез цитокинов, при этом предотвращая чрезмерную воспалительную реакцию (цитокиновый шторм). Также существует предположение, что непосредственно SARS-CoV-2 подавляет и изменяет выработку белков сурфактанта. Таким образом, очевидна патогенетическая ключевая роль белков сурфактанта SP-A и SP-D в ответе на вирусный патоген SARS-CoV-2. Это на сегодняшний день является перспективным направлением трансляционной медицины как с точки зрения детального понимания патогенеза коронавирусной инфекции для оценки диагностических и прогностических потенциалов белков сурфактанта SP-A и SP-D при COVID-19, так и с точки зрения терапевтического потенциала рекомбинантных фрагментов человеческих SP-A и SP-D.

An immune response to invasion of viral pathogens is an integral part of maintaining the physiological functioning of the bronchopulmonary system and effective gas exchange. Collagen-containing C-type lectins (lung collectins) are some of the key proteins in the identification of viral particles. They have image-recognizing receptors that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns, particularly viral glycoproteins. The surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D, which are composed of trimerized units, belong to pulmonary collectins and oligomerize into higher-order structures. These proteins play an essential role in recognition and elimination of microbial pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, nanoparticles, allergens) through a variety of mechanisms. Taking into account the burden of the novel coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it is important to consider the role of the surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in the pathogenesis of the immune response to viral invasion. Currently, there are data on the direct relationship between surfactant proteins and viruses belonging to the Coronaviridae family. The SP-A and SP-D proteins modulate inflammatory responses and cytokine synthesis, but prevent an excessive inflammatory response (cytokine storm). There is also an assumption that SARSCoV-2 directly suppresses and alters the production of surfactant proteins. Thus, the key pathogenetic role of the surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in the response to the viral pathogen SARS-CoV-2 is evident. Today, this is a promising area of translational medicine, which will contribute to a profound understanding of the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection for assessing the diagnostic and prognostic potentials of the surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in COVID-19. Additionally, it will help evaluate the therapeutic potential of recombinant fragments of human SP-A and SP-D.

 

сурфактантсурфактантный белок Асурфактантный белок Dбиомаркервирусная инфекциякоронавирусная инфекцияCOVID19SARS-CoV-2surfactantsurfactant protein Asurfactant protein Dbiomarkerviral infectioncoronavirus infectionCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2Материал статьи является частью бюджетной темы НИИТПМ – филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН «Эпидемиологический мониторинг состояния здоровья населения и изучение молекулярно-генетических и молекулярно-биологических механизмов развития распространенных терапевтических заболеваний в Сибири для совершенствования подходов к их диагностике, профилактике и лечению»The material of the article is part of the budget topic of NIITPM – branch of ICIG SB RAS "Epidemiological monitoring of the health status of the population and the study of molecular genetic and molecular biological mechanisms of the development of common therapeutic diseases in Siberia to improve approaches to their diagnosis, prevention and treatment."ReferencesWright J.R. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.