References

ssmu

Бюллетень сибирской медицины

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine

1682-03631819-3684

Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

10.20538/1682-0363-2023-1-103-112

ssmu-5140

Research Article

ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ

REVIEW AND LECTURES

Микробиота: вклад в канцерогенез и функционирование иммунной системы легких

Microbiota: its contribution to carcinogenesis and immunity in the lungs

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-5323

Буслаев

В. Ю.

Buslaev

V. Yu.

Буслаев Владислав Юрьевич – аспирант, инженер-технолог

650000, г. Кемерово, пр. Советский ,18

18, Sovietskiy Str., Kemerovo, 650000

vladislasbus2358@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3485-9123

Минина

В. И.

Minina

V. I.

Минина Варвара Ивановна – доктор биологических наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой генетики и фундаментальной медицины, КемГУ

650000, г. Кемерово, пр. Советский ,18; 650000, г. Кемерово, ул. Красная, 6

18, Sovietskiy Str., Kemerovo, 650000; 6, Krasnaya Str., Kemerovo, 650000

vminina@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-1560

Мацкова

Л. B.

Matskova

L. V.

Мацкова Людмила Валентиновна – доктор биологических наук, профессор-исследователь, отдел микробиологии и биотехнологии, Институт живых систем

236000, г. Калининград, ул. Университетская, 2

matskova@ki.se

Федеральный исследовательский центр угля и углехимии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияThe Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation

Федеральный исследовательский центр угля и углехимии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Кемеровский государственный университетРоссияThe Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Кеmerovo State UniversityRussian Federation

Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. КантаРоссияImmanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityRussian Federation

2023

20042023

221103112

2023

Буслаев В.Ю., Минина В.И., Мацкова Л.B.

Buslaev V.Y., Minina V.I., Matskova L.V.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5140

Микробиота (совокупность бактерий, простейших/архей, грибов, вирусов, обитающих в организме человека) и микробиом (их совокупный геном) являются предметом активных научных исследований. Особый интерес вызывает взаимосвязь изменений состава микробиоты и злокачественной трансформации различных органов. Легкие долгое время считались стерильным органом, однако это представление было пересмотрено благодаря развитию технологий секвенирования нового поколения. Метагеномный подход позволил идентифицировать микроорганизмы на молекулярном уровне в здоровых тканях легкого и в опухолях.

Следующим шагом стало выявление разнообразных аспектов влияния микробиоты на гомеостаз легочной системы и поддержание иммунитета. Анализ результатов исследований микробиоты легочной системы, основанных на секвенировании генов 16SрРНК, позволил установить, что микробиота здоровых легких представлена в основном бактериями, принадлежащими к типам Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria и Fusobacteria. При развитии рака легкого отмечено значительное повышение численности бактерий определенных родов и в целом снижение разнообразия микробиоты. Дисбиоз способствует активному размножению патогенов и развитию негативных состояний легочной системы. Установлено, что в норме легочная микробиота обеспечивает устойчивость к заселению легких болезнетворными микроорганизмами и играет важную роль в обеспечении сбалансированного иммунного ответа в данных органах.

Microbiota (an assembly of bacteria, protists / archaea, fungi, and viruses inhabiting a human body) is currently of great interest for science. It is determined by an association between changes in microbiota composition and malignant transformation in different organs. Lungs have long been considered sterile or free from bacteria; however, due to development of next-generation sequencing, this statement has been reconsidered. The metagenomic approach allowed to identify microorganisms at molecular level both in healthy lung tissues and in malignant ones.

The next stage of research is investigation of the effects of microbiota on homeostasis and immune stability in the lungs. The analysis of lung microbiota based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that microbiota of healthy lungs is mainly presented by bacteria of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria. In lung cancer, an increase in the number of bacteria of some certain genera and a decrease in microbiota diversity on the whole are noted. Dysbiosis facilitates reproduction of pathogens and development of lung diseases. It was detected that under normal conditions, microbiota maintains resistance of the lungs to bacterial colonization and plays a crucial role in providing a balanced immune response in this organ.

метагеномикамикробиоталегкиерак легкого16SрРНКиммунитет

metagenomicsmicrobiotalungslung cancer16S rRNAimmunity

Исследование поддержано государственным заданием на 2019–2021 гг. (проект № 0352-2019-0011).

The study was funded by the state assignment for 2019–2021 (project No. 0352-2019-0011).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.