ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2023-1-153-163ssmu-5146Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESМировые практики привлечения и удержания медицинских работников в сельских районах (обзор литературы)Global best practices in recruiting and retaining healthcare workers in rural areas (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-4836ЧигринаВ. П.ChigrinaV. P.

Чигрина Валерия Петровна – мл. научный сотрудник, отдел научных основ организации здравоохранения

127254, г. Москва, ул. Добролюбова, 11

11, Dobrolyubova Str., Moscow, 127254

chigrinavp@mednet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9174-6419ТюфилинД. С.TyufilinD. S.

Тюфилин Денис Сергеевич – начальник управления стратегического развития здравоохранения

127254, г. Москва, ул. Добролюбова, 11

11, Dobrolyubova Str., Moscow, 127254

tyufilinds@mednet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4449-4810ДеевИ. А.DeevI. A.

Деев Иван Анатольевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зам. директора по организации здравоохранения

127254, г. Москва, ул. Добролюбова, 11

11, Dobrolyubova Str., Moscow, 127254

deevia@mednet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-1403КобяковаО. С.KobyakovaO. S.

Кобякова Ольга Сергеевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор ЦНИИОИЗ

127254, г. Москва, ул. Добролюбова, 11

11, Dobrolyubova Str., Moscow, 127254

kobyakovaos@mednet.ruЦентральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохраненияРоссияRussian Research Institute of HealthRussian Federation202321042023221153163Copyright © Чигрина В.П., Тюфилин Д.С., Деев И.А., Кобякова О.С., 20232023Чигрина В.П., Тюфилин Д.С., Деев И.А., Кобякова О.С.Chigrina V.P., Tyufilin D.S., Deev I.A., Kobyakova O.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5146

Привлечение и удержание врачей и среднего медицинского персонала, особенно для работы в сельских районах, является глобальной проблемой системы здравоохранения, ставящей под угрозу непрерывность и доступность оказания медицинской помощи значительной части населения.

Целью данного исследования является обобщение имеющихся на сегодняшний день данных о практиках привлечения медицинского персонала, прежде всего в сельскую местность, и ключевых факторах, влияющих на удержание работников в сфере здравоохранения, что в будущем поможет разработать научно обоснованные мероприятия и подходы к привлечению и удержанию медицинского персонала и тем самым позволит сократить кадровый дефицит в системе здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Поиск отечественной и зарубежной литературы проведен в базах данных PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, eLibrary.

Все изучаемые в настоящем исследовании факторы, влияющие на привлечение и удержание медицинских работников в сельской местности, объединены в четыре основные группы: финансовые, социальные, карьерные (профессиональные), личностные. Современные стратегии по привлечению персонала можно разделить на три направления: финансовые, организационные и образовательные.

Результаты обзора свидетельствуют, что в Российской Федерации реализуется большая часть мировых практик по привлечению и удержанию специалистов в сельских районах. Однако существуют мероприятия, которые не нашли своего применения в нашей стране. Данные практики могут стать дополнительными при формировании региональных программ по развитию кадрового потенциала здравоохранения, увеличивающие их эффективность.

A significant issue for global healthcare is recruitment and retention of doctors and nurses, especially in rural areas. It threatens continuity and accessibility of medical care for a large segment of the population.

The aim of this article was to summarize currently available data on healthcare recruitment practices, particularly in rural areas, and key factors influencing retention of healthcare professionals. This will allow to develop evidencebased strategies for recruitment and retention of healthcare workers in the Russian Federation and reduce personnel shortage. International and Russian full-text articles were searched for in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and eLibrary databases.

All the studied factors influencing recruitment and retention of healthcare professionals in rural areas were grouped into four main categories: financial, social, professional, and personal. Modern healthcare recruitment strategies were divided into three groups: financial, organizational, and instructional.

The review results suggest that the Russian Federation uses the majority of global strategies to recruit and retain healthcare professionals in rural areas. However, there are some activities that have not been adopted in our country. They may be included in healthcare management practices to increase the effectiveness of regional programs for development of human capital in healthcare.

привлечениеудержаниемедицинские работникисельские районыстратегииобзорrecruitmentretentionstrategieshealthcare workersrural areasoverviewReferencesObamiro K.O., Tesfaye W.H., Barnett T. Strategies to increase the pharmacist workforce in rural and remote Australia: a scoping review. Rural Remote Health. 2020;20(4):5741. DOI: 10.22605/RRH5741.Obamiro K.O., Tesfaye W.H., Barnett T. Strategies to increase the pharmacist workforce in rural and remote Australia: a scoping review. Rural Remote Health. 2020;20(4):5741. DOI: 10.22605/RRH5741.WHO. 2016. Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030. Geneva, Switzerland.WHO. 2016. Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030. Geneva, Switzerland.Инвестиции с социальной отдачей – Газета Коммерсантъ № 93 (7294) от 30.05.2022. URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5379613Инвестиции с социальной отдачей – Газета Коммерсантъ № 93 (7294) от 30.05.2022. URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5379613Федеральная служба государственной статистики. URL: https://rosstat.gov.ruФедеральная служба государственной статистики. URL: https://rosstat.gov.ruMarchand C., Peckham S. Addressing the crisis of GP recruitment and retention: a systematic review. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 2017;67(657):e227–237. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp17X689929.Marchand C., Peckham S. Addressing the crisis of GP recruitment and retention: a systematic review. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 2017;67(657):e227–237. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp17X689929.Nguyen V.A.T., Könings K.D., Wright E.P., Luu H.N., Scherpbier A.J.J.A., van Merriënboer J.J.G. Working in preventive medicine or not? Flawed perceptions decrease chance of retaining students for the profession. Hum. Resour. Health. 2019;17(1):31. DOI: 10.1186/s12960-019-0368-2.Nguyen V.A.T., Könings K.D., Wright E.P., Luu H.N., Scherpbier A.J.J.A., van Merriënboer J.J.G. Working in preventive medicine or not? Flawed perceptions decrease chance of retaining students for the profession. Hum. Resour. Health. 2019;17(1):31. DOI: 10.1186/s12960-019-0368-2.Hu Y., Xu J., Dong W., Yuan Z., Sun X. Strategies to correct the shortage of paediatricians in China. Lancet Lond. Engl. 2018;392(10145):385. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31192-9.Hu Y., Xu J., Dong W., Yuan Z., Sun X. Strategies to correct the shortage of paediatricians in China. Lancet Lond. Engl. 2018;392(10145):385. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31192-9.Chotchoungchatchai S., Marshall A.I., Witthayapipopsakul W., Panichkriangkrai W., Patcharanarumol W., Tangcharoensathien V. Primary health care and sustainable development goals. Bull. World Health Organ. 2020;98(11):792–800. DOI: 10.2471/BLT.19.245613.Chotchoungchatchai S., Marshall A.I., Witthayapipopsakul W., Panichkriangkrai W., Patcharanarumol W., Tangcharoensathien V. Primary health care and sustainable development goals. Bull. World Health Organ. 2020;98(11):792–800. DOI: 10.2471/BLT.19.245613.Danish A., Champagne F., Blais R. Theoretical analysis of policies to improve the recruitment and retention of rural physicians. Aust. J. Rural Health. 2020;28(5):427–433. DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12666.Danish A., Champagne F., Blais R. Theoretical analysis of policies to improve the recruitment and retention of rural physicians. Aust. J. Rural Health. 2020;28(5):427–433. DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12666.Buchan J., Couper I.D., Tangcharoensathien V., Thepannya K., Jaskiewicz W., Perfilieva G. Early implementation of WHO recommendations for the retention of health workers in remote and rural areas. Bull. World Health Organ. 2013;91(11):834– 840. DOI: 10.2471/BLT.13.119008.Buchan J., Couper I.D., Tangcharoensathien V., Thepannya K., Jaskiewicz W., Perfilieva G. Early implementation of WHO recommendations for the retention of health workers in remote and rural areas. Bull. World Health Organ. 2013;91(11):834– 840. DOI: 10.2471/BLT.13.119008.Malatzky C., Cosgrave C., Gillespie J. The utility of conceptualisations of place and belonging in workforce retention: A proposal for future rural health research. Health Place. 2020;62:102279. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102279.Malatzky C., Cosgrave C., Gillespie J. The utility of conceptualisations of place and belonging in workforce retention: A proposal for future rural health research. Health Place. 2020;62:102279. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102279.Witt J. Physician recruitment and retention in Manitoba: results from a survey of physicians’ preferences for rural jobs. Can. J. Rural Med. 2017;22(2):43–53.Witt J. Physician recruitment and retention in Manitoba: results from a survey of physicians’ preferences for rural jobs. Can. J. Rural Med. 2017;22(2):43–53.Nurelhuda N., Bashir A., ElKogali S., Mustafa M., Kruk M., Aziz M.A. Encouraging junior doctors to work in rural Sudan: a discrete choice experiment. East. Mediterr. Health J. 2018;24(9):838–845. DOI: 10.26719/2018.24.9.838.Nurelhuda N., Bashir A., ElKogali S., Mustafa M., Kruk M., Aziz M.A. Encouraging junior doctors to work in rural Sudan: a discrete choice experiment. East. Mediterr. Health J. 2018;24(9):838–845. DOI: 10.26719/2018.24.9.838.Efendi F., Chen C.M., Nursalam N., Andriyani N.W.F., Kurniati A., Nancarrow S.A. How to attract health students to remote areas in Indonesia: a discrete choice experiment. Int. J. Health Plann. Manage. 2016;31(4):430–445. DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2289.Efendi F., Chen C.M., Nursalam N., Andriyani N.W.F., Kurniati A., Nancarrow S.A. How to attract health students to remote areas in Indonesia: a discrete choice experiment. Int. J. Health Plann. Manage. 2016;31(4):430–445. DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2289.Okoroafor S.C., Ongom M., Salihu D., Mohammed B., Ahmat A., Osubor M. et al. Retention and motivation of health workers in remote and rural areas in Cross River State, Nigeria: a discrete choice experiment. J. Public Health Oxf. Engl. 2021;43(1):i46–53. DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa236.Okoroafor S.C., Ongom M., Salihu D., Mohammed B., Ahmat A., Osubor M. et al. Retention and motivation of health workers in remote and rural areas in Cross River State, Nigeria: a discrete choice experiment. J. Public Health Oxf. Engl. 2021;43(1):i46–53. DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa236.Berman L., Nkhoma L., Prust M., McKay C., Teshome M., Banda D. et al. Analysis of policy interventions to attract and retain nurse midwives in rural areas of Malawi: A discrete choice experiment. PloS One. 2021;16(6):e0253518. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253518.Berman L., Nkhoma L., Prust M., McKay C., Teshome M., Banda D. et al. Analysis of policy interventions to attract and retain nurse midwives in rural areas of Malawi: A discrete choice experiment. PloS One. 2021;16(6):e0253518. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253518.Смиянов В.А., Смиянова О.И., Грузиева Т.С., Выговская Л., Руденко Л.А. Изучение мотивационных факторов у врачей в отношении повышения качества медицинской помощи. Wiadomosci Lekarskie. 2017;70(1):27–31.Смиянов В.А., Смиянова О.И., Грузиева Т.С., Выговская Л., Руденко Л.А. Изучение мотивационных факторов у врачей в отношении повышения качества медицинской помощи. Wiadomosci Lekarskie. 2017;70(1):27–31.Дощанникова О.А., Поздеева Т.В., Филиппов Ю.Н. Социальный портрет современного сельского врача – реалии и перспективы. Социальные аспекты здоровья населения. 2020;66(1):7. DOI: 10.21045/2071-5021-202066-1-7.Дощанникова О.А., Поздеева Т.В., Филиппов Ю.Н. Социальный портрет современного сельского врача – реалии и перспективы. Социальные аспекты здоровья населения. 2020;66(1):7. DOI: 10.21045/2071-5021-202066-1-7.Prust M.L., Kamanga A., Ngosa L., McKay C., Muzongwe C.M., Mukubani M.T. et al. Assessment of interventions to attract and retain health workers in rural Zambia: a discrete choice experiment. Hum. Resour. Health. 2019;17(1):26. DOI: 10.1186/s12960-019-0359-3.Prust M.L., Kamanga A., Ngosa L., McKay C., Muzongwe C.M., Mukubani M.T. et al. Assessment of interventions to attract and retain health workers in rural Zambia: a discrete choice experiment. Hum. Resour. Health. 2019;17(1):26. DOI: 10.1186/s12960-019-0359-3.Prengaman M., Terry D.R., Schmitz D., Baker E. The nursing community apgar questionnaire in rural Australia: An evidence based approach to recruiting and retaining nurses. Online J. Rural Nurs. Health Care. 2017;17(2):148–171.Prengaman M., Terry D.R., Schmitz D., Baker E. The nursing community apgar questionnaire in rural Australia: An evidence based approach to recruiting and retaining nurses. Online J. Rural Nurs. Health Care. 2017;17(2):148–171.Okoroafor S.C., Osubor M.K., Nwachukwu C. Factors influencing attraction and retention of frontline health workers in remote and rural areas in Nigeria: a discrete choice experiment. J. Public Health Policy. 2022;43(3):347–359. DOI: 10.1057/s41271-022-00351-z.Okoroafor S.C., Osubor M.K., Nwachukwu C. Factors influencing attraction and retention of frontline health workers in remote and rural areas in Nigeria: a discrete choice experiment. J. Public Health Policy. 2022;43(3):347–359. DOI: 10.1057/s41271-022-00351-z.Lawan U., Amole G., Khayi J. Rural posting experience, requests for transfer, and perspectives about critical factors for staff retention among primary health care workers in urban Kano, Nigeria. Niger. J. Clin. Pract. 2017;20(1):25. DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.178946.Lawan U., Amole G., Khayi J. Rural posting experience, requests for transfer, and perspectives about critical factors for staff retention among primary health care workers in urban Kano, Nigeria. Niger. J. Clin. Pract. 2017;20(1):25. DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.178946.Boadi-Kusi S.B., Kyei S., Okyere V.B., Abu S.L. Factors influencing the decision of GHANAIAN optometry students to practice in rural areas after graduation. BMC Med. Educ. 2018;18(1):188. DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1302-3.Boadi-Kusi S.B., Kyei S., Okyere V.B., Abu S.L. Factors influencing the decision of GHANAIAN optometry students to practice in rural areas after graduation. BMC Med. Educ. 2018;18(1):188. DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1302-3.Ashkenazi Y., Gordon M., Rosen B. Using financial incentives to attract medical residents to the periphery: The Israeli experience. Health Policy Amst. Neth. 2019;123(1):80–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.10.006.Ashkenazi Y., Gordon M., Rosen B. Using financial incentives to attract medical residents to the periphery: The Israeli experience. Health Policy Amst. Neth. 2019;123(1):80–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.10.006.Nguyen V.A.T., Könings K.D., Wright E.P., Kim G.B., Luu H.N., Scherpbier A.J.J.A. et al. Why do graduates choose to work in a less attractive specialty? A cross-sectional study on the role of personal values and expectations. Hum. Resour. Health. 2020;18(1):32. DOI: 10.1186/s12960020-00474-y.Nguyen V.A.T., Könings K.D., Wright E.P., Kim G.B., Luu H.N., Scherpbier A.J.J.A. et al. Why do graduates choose to work in a less attractive specialty? A cross-sectional study on the role of personal values and expectations. Hum. Resour. Health. 2020;18(1):32. DOI: 10.1186/s12960020-00474-y.Thi Nguyen V.A., Könings K.D., Scherpbier A.J.J.A, van Merriënboer J.J.G. Attracting and retaining physicians in less attractive specialties: the role of continuing medical education. Hum. Resour. Health. 2021;19(1):69. DOI: 10.1186/s12960-021-00613-z.Thi Nguyen V.A., Könings K.D., Scherpbier A.J.J.A, van Merriënboer J.J.G. Attracting and retaining physicians in less attractive specialties: the role of continuing medical education. Hum. Resour. Health. 2021;19(1):69. DOI: 10.1186/s12960-021-00613-z.Mollahaliloðlu S., Uðurluoðlu Ö., Iþýk O., Kosdak M., Taþkaya S. Factors affecting the work of physicians in rural areas of Turkey. Rural Remote Health. 2015;15(3):3048.Mollahaliloðlu S., Uðurluoðlu Ö., Iþýk O., Kosdak M., Taþkaya S. Factors affecting the work of physicians in rural areas of Turkey. Rural Remote Health. 2015;15(3):3048.Окунева Г.Ю., Лусевич Е.С., Щербакова А.И. Мнение студентов-медиков о трудоустройстве в сельской местности, о программе «Земский доктор». Актуальные вопросы общественного здоровья и здравоохранения на уровне субъекта Российской Федерации: Материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции (с международным участием). Иркутск: Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии, 2021:127–132.Окунева Г.Ю., Лусевич Е.С., Щербакова А.И. Мнение студентов-медиков о трудоустройстве в сельской местности, о программе «Земский доктор». Актуальные вопросы общественного здоровья и здравоохранения на уровне субъекта Российской Федерации: Материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции (с международным участием). Иркутск: Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии, 2021:127–132.Morken C., Bruksch-Meck K., Crouse B., Traxler K. Factors influencing rural physician retention following completion of a rural training track Family Medicine Residency Program. WMJ Off. Publ. State Med. Soc. Wis. 2018;117(5):208–210.Morken C., Bruksch-Meck K., Crouse B., Traxler K. Factors influencing rural physician retention following completion of a rural training track Family Medicine Residency Program. WMJ Off. Publ. State Med. Soc. Wis. 2018;117(5):208–210.Taati Keley E., Ravaghi H., Salehi M., Nasiripour A.A., Abdi Z., Meshkini A. Relationship between personal characteristics of specialist physicians and choice of practice location in Iran. Rural Remote Health. 2016;16(2):3412.Taati Keley E., Ravaghi H., Salehi M., Nasiripour A.A., Abdi Z., Meshkini A. Relationship between personal characteristics of specialist physicians and choice of practice location in Iran. Rural Remote Health. 2016;16(2):3412.Sidibé C.S., Touré O., Broerse J.E.W., Dieleman M. Rural pipeline and willingness to work in rural areas: Mixed method study on students in midwifery and obstetric nursing in Mali. PloS One. 2019;14(9):e0222266. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222266.Sidibé C.S., Touré O., Broerse J.E.W., Dieleman M. Rural pipeline and willingness to work in rural areas: Mixed method study on students in midwifery and obstetric nursing in Mali. PloS One. 2019;14(9):e0222266. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222266.Lee J., Walus A., Billing R., Hillier L.M. The role of distributed education in recruitment and retention of family physicians. Postgrad. Med. J. 2016;92(1090):436–440. DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133577.Lee J., Walus A., Billing R., Hillier L.M. The role of distributed education in recruitment and retention of family physicians. Postgrad. Med. J. 2016;92(1090):436–440. DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133577.Ehsani-Chimeh E., Majdzadeh R., Delavari S., Gharebelagh M.N., Rezaei S., Rad E.H. Physicians’ retention rate and its effective factors in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East. Mediterr. Health J. 2018;24(9):830–837. DOI: 10.26719/2018.24.9.830.Ehsani-Chimeh E., Majdzadeh R., Delavari S., Gharebelagh M.N., Rezaei S., Rad E.H. Physicians’ retention rate and its effective factors in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East. Mediterr. Health J. 2018;24(9):830–837. DOI: 10.26719/2018.24.9.830.Flores E.L.L., Manahan E.M.R., Lacanilao M.P.B., Ladaw I.M.B.T., Mallillin M.M.B., Mappatao N.T.Q. et al. Factors affecting retention in the Philippine National Rural Physician Deployment Program from 2012 to 2019: a mixed methods study. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2021;21(1):1201. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07219-0.Flores E.L.L., Manahan E.M.R., Lacanilao M.P.B., Ladaw I.M.B.T., Mallillin M.M.B., Mappatao N.T.Q. et al. Factors affecting retention in the Philippine National Rural Physician Deployment Program from 2012 to 2019: a mixed methods study. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2021;21(1):1201. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07219-0.Lisam S., Nandi S., Kanungo K., Verma P., Mishra J.P., Mairembam D.S. Strategies for attraction and retention of health workers in remote and difficult-to-access areas of Chhattisgarh, India: Do they work? Indian J. Public Health. 2015;59(3):189–195. DOI: 10.4103/0019-557X.164656.Lisam S., Nandi S., Kanungo K., Verma P., Mishra J.P., Mairembam D.S. Strategies for attraction and retention of health workers in remote and difficult-to-access areas of Chhattisgarh, India: Do they work? Indian J. Public Health. 2015;59(3):189–195. DOI: 10.4103/0019-557X.164656.Rawal L.B., Joarder T., Islam S.M.S., Uddin A., Ahmed S.M. Developing effective policy strategies to retain health workers in rural Bangladesh: a policy analysis. Hum. Resour. Health. 2015;13:36. DOI: 10.1186/s12960-015-0030-6.Rawal L.B., Joarder T., Islam S.M.S., Uddin A., Ahmed S.M. Developing effective policy strategies to retain health workers in rural Bangladesh: a policy analysis. Hum. Resour. Health. 2015;13:36. DOI: 10.1186/s12960-015-0030-6.Sirili N., Frumence G., Kiwara A., Mwangu M., Anaeli A., Nyamhanga T. et al. Retention of medical doctors at the district level: a qualitative study of experiences from Tanzania. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2018;18(1):260. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3059-0.Sirili N., Frumence G., Kiwara A., Mwangu M., Anaeli A., Nyamhanga T. et al. Retention of medical doctors at the district level: a qualitative study of experiences from Tanzania. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2018;18(1):260. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3059-0.Marsh Z., Walford L., Baker R.R., Cannaby A.M., Singh B.M. Attracting and retaining nurses through a clinical fellowship programme. Br. J. Nurs. 2019;28(18):1207–1209. DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2019.28.18.1207.Marsh Z., Walford L., Baker R.R., Cannaby A.M., Singh B.M. Attracting and retaining nurses through a clinical fellowship programme. Br. J. Nurs. 2019;28(18):1207–1209. DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2019.28.18.1207.Jing L., Liu K., Zhou X., Wang L., Huang Y., Shu Z. et al. Health-personnel recruitment and retention target policy for health care providers in the rural communities: A retrospective investigation at Pudong New Area of Shanghai in China. Int. J. Health. Plann. Manage. 2019;34(1):e157–167. DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2618.Jing L., Liu K., Zhou X., Wang L., Huang Y., Shu Z. et al. Health-personnel recruitment and retention target policy for health care providers in the rural communities: A retrospective investigation at Pudong New Area of Shanghai in China. Int. J. Health. Plann. Manage. 2019;34(1):e157–167. DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2618.Marchand C., Peckham S. Addressing the crisis of GP recruitment and retention: a systematic review. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 2017;67(657):e227–237. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp17X689929.Marchand C., Peckham S. Addressing the crisis of GP recruitment and retention: a systematic review. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 2017;67(657):e227–237. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp17X689929.Tudor Car L., Teng Y.S., How J.W., Nazri N.N.B.M., Tan A.L.X., Quah J. et al. Priorities for family physician and general practitioner recruitment and retention in Singapore: a PRIORITIZE study. BMC Fam. Pract. 2021;22(1):229. DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01570-1.Tudor Car L., Teng Y.S., How J.W., Nazri N.N.B.M., Tan A.L.X., Quah J. et al. Priorities for family physician and general practitioner recruitment and retention in Singapore: a PRIORITIZE study. BMC Fam. Pract. 2021;22(1):229. DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01570-1.Gumede D.M., Taylor M., Kvalsvig J.D. Engaging future healthcare professionals for rural health services in South Africa: students, graduates and managers perceptions. BMC Health. Serv. Res. 2021;21(1):220. DOI: 10.1186/s12913021-06178-w.Gumede D.M., Taylor M., Kvalsvig J.D. Engaging future healthcare professionals for rural health services in South Africa: students, graduates and managers perceptions. BMC Health. Serv. Res. 2021;21(1):220. DOI: 10.1186/s12913021-06178-w.Schaefer R., Jenkins L.S., North Z. Retaining doctors and reducing burnout through a flexible work initiative in a rural South African training hospital. Afr. J. Prim. Health Care Fam. Med. 2021;13(1):e1–5. DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v13i1.2799.Schaefer R., Jenkins L.S., North Z. Retaining doctors and reducing burnout through a flexible work initiative in a rural South African training hospital. Afr. J. Prim. Health Care Fam. Med. 2021;13(1):e1–5. DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v13i1.2799.Weale V.P., Wells Y.D., Oakman J. Flexible working arrangements in residential aged care: applying a person-environment fit model. Asia Pac. J. Hum. Resour. 2017;55(3):356–374. DOI: 10.1111/1744-7941.12142.Weale V.P., Wells Y.D., Oakman J. Flexible working arrangements in residential aged care: applying a person-environment fit model. Asia Pac. J. Hum. Resour. 2017;55(3):356–374. DOI: 10.1111/1744-7941.12142.Honda A., Vio F. Incentives for non-physician health professionals to work in the rural and remote areas of Mozambique--a discrete choice experiment for eliciting job preferences. Hum. Resour. Health. 2015;13:23. DOI: 10.1186/s12960-015-0015-5.Honda A., Vio F. Incentives for non-physician health professionals to work in the rural and remote areas of Mozambique--a discrete choice experiment for eliciting job preferences. Hum. Resour. Health. 2015;13:23. DOI: 10.1186/s12960-015-0015-5.Shah R., Nayar V., Grzesiak A. A survey of the retention of GPs following the induction and refresher scheme in London. Educ. Prim. Care. 2021;32(4):226–229. DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2021.1907791.Shah R., Nayar V., Grzesiak A. A survey of the retention of GPs following the induction and refresher scheme in London. Educ. Prim. Care. 2021;32(4):226–229. DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2021.1907791.Bruksch-Meck K., Crouse B., Quinn G., McCart L., Traxler K. Graduate Medical Education Initiatives to Develop the Physician Workforce in Rural Wisconsin. WMJ Off. Publ. State. Med. Soc. Wis. 2018;117(5):201–207.Bruksch-Meck K., Crouse B., Quinn G., McCart L., Traxler K. Graduate Medical Education Initiatives to Develop the Physician Workforce in Rural Wisconsin. WMJ Off. Publ. State. Med. Soc. Wis. 2018;117(5):201–207.Bryden B., Bryden M., Steer-Massaro J., Malope S. Family Medicine Training in Lesotho: A strategy of decentralized training for rural physician workforce development. Front. Med. 2021;7:582130. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.582130.Bryden B., Bryden M., Steer-Massaro J., Malope S. Family Medicine Training in Lesotho: A strategy of decentralized training for rural physician workforce development. Front. Med. 2021;7:582130. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.582130.Strasser R. Learning in context: education for remote rural health care. Rural Remote Health. 2016;16(2):4033.Strasser R. Learning in context: education for remote rural health care. Rural Remote Health. 2016;16(2):4033.O’Sullivan B.G., Couper I., Kumar P., McGrail M.R. Editorial: Effective Strategies to Develop Rural Health Workforce in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Front. Public Health. 2021;9:702362. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.702362.O’Sullivan B.G., Couper I., Kumar P., McGrail M.R. Editorial: Effective Strategies to Develop Rural Health Workforce in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Front. Public Health. 2021;9:702362. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.702362.Johnson G., Byun R., Foster K., Wright F., Blinkhorn A. A longitudinal workforce analysis of a Rural Clinical Placement Program for final year dental students. Aust. Dent. J. 2019;64(2):181–192. DOI: 10.1111/adj.12691.Johnson G., Byun R., Foster K., Wright F., Blinkhorn A. A longitudinal workforce analysis of a Rural Clinical Placement Program for final year dental students. Aust. Dent. J. 2019;64(2):181–192. DOI: 10.1111/adj.12691.Woolley T., Cristobal F., Siega-Sur J., Ross S., Neusy A.J., Halili S. et al. Positive implications from socially accountable, community-engaged medical education across two Philippines regions. Rural Remote Health. 2018;18(1):4264. DOI: 10.22605/RRH4264.Woolley T., Cristobal F., Siega-Sur J., Ross S., Neusy A.J., Halili S. et al. Positive implications from socially accountable, community-engaged medical education across two Philippines regions. Rural Remote Health. 2018;18(1):4264. DOI: 10.22605/RRH4264.McGrail M.R., Russell D.J., Campbell D.G. Vocational training of general practitioners in rural locations is critical for the Australian rural medical workforce. Med. J. Aust. 2016;205(5):216–221. DOI: 10.5694/mja16.00063.McGrail M.R., Russell D.J., Campbell D.G. Vocational training of general practitioners in rural locations is critical for the Australian rural medical workforce. Med. J. Aust. 2016;205(5):216–221. DOI: 10.5694/mja16.00063.Boonluksiri P., Tumviriyakul H., Arora R., Techakehakij W., Chamnan P., Umthong N. Community-based learning enhances doctor retention. Educ. Health Abingdon Engl. 2018;31(2):114–118. DOI: 10.4103/efh.EfH_153_17.Boonluksiri P., Tumviriyakul H., Arora R., Techakehakij W., Chamnan P., Umthong N. Community-based learning enhances doctor retention. Educ. Health Abingdon Engl. 2018;31(2):114–118. DOI: 10.4103/efh.EfH_153_17.Gaski M., Abelsen B. Designing medical internships to improve recruitment and retention of doctors in rural areas. Int. J. Circumpolar. Health. 2017;76(1):1314415. DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2017.1314415.Gaski M., Abelsen B. Designing medical internships to improve recruitment and retention of doctors in rural areas. Int. J. Circumpolar. Health. 2017;76(1):1314415. DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2017.1314415.Чернышев В.М., Воевода М.И., Стрельченко О.В., Мингазов И.Ф. Сельское здравоохранение России. Состояние, проблемы, перспективы. Сибирский научный медицинский журнал. 2022;42(4):4–14. DOI: 10.18699/SSMJ20220401.Чернышев В.М., Воевода М.И., Стрельченко О.В., Мингазов И.Ф. Сельское здравоохранение России. Состояние, проблемы, перспективы. Сибирский научный медицинский журнал. 2022;42(4):4–14. DOI: 10.18699/SSMJ20220401.Бугаев Д.А. Кадровое обеспечение травматолого-ортопедической службы субъекта Российской Федерации в условиях реализации программы «Земский доктор». Менеджер здравоохранения. 2019;2:53–58.Бугаев Д.А. Кадровое обеспечение травматолого-ортопедической службы субъекта Российской Федерации в условиях реализации программы «Земский доктор». Менеджер здравоохранения. 2019;2:53–58.Зубков В.В. Миграционный потенциал молодежи в системе мер государственной региональной политики. Власть и управление на Востоке России. 2019;1(86):147–155.Зубков В.В. Миграционный потенциал молодежи в системе мер государственной региональной политики. Власть и управление на Востоке России. 2019;1(86):147–155.Кинчагулова М.В., Брынза Н.С., Горбунова О.П., Решетникова Ю.С. Результаты реализации программы «Земский доктор» в Тюменской области. Здравоохранение Российской Федерации. 2018;62(6):89–294. DOI: 10.18821/0044197X-2018-62-6-289-294.Кинчагулова М.В., Брынза Н.С., Горбунова О.П., Решетникова Ю.С. Результаты реализации программы «Земский доктор» в Тюменской области. Здравоохранение Российской Федерации. 2018;62(6):89–294. DOI: 10.18821/0044197X-2018-62-6-289-294.Данилов А.В., Литвинова Т.Д., Загитова В.А. Итоги реализации программы «Земский доктор» на территории Воронежской области за 2012–2017 годы. Прикладные информационные аспекты медицины. 2018;21(1):24–32.Данилов А.В., Литвинова Т.Д., Загитова В.А. Итоги реализации программы «Земский доктор» на территории Воронежской области за 2012–2017 годы. Прикладные информационные аспекты медицины. 2018;21(1):24–32.Привлечение медицинских работников на работу в учреждения здравоохранения, в т.ч. в сельское здравоохранение. Лужская межрайонная больница. URL: http://lugamb.ru/job/invite-new-workersПривлечение медицинских работников на работу в учреждения здравоохранения, в т.ч. в сельское здравоохранение. Лужская межрайонная больница. URL: http://lugamb.ru/job/invite-new-workersЛьготы и субсидии врачам и медицинским работникам ГБУЗов Владимирской области. URL: https://medicine33.com/subsidiesЛьготы и субсидии врачам и медицинским работникам ГБУЗов Владимирской области. URL: https://medicine33.com/subsidiesНикулина Ю.Н. Актуальные аспекты кадрового обеспечения учреждений здравоохранения. Образование и наука: современные тренды. 2016;1:104–112.Никулина Ю.Н. Актуальные аспекты кадрового обеспечения учреждений здравоохранения. Образование и наука: современные тренды. 2016;1:104–112.Дощанникова О.А., Поздеева Т.В., Филиппов Ю.Н., Хлапов А.Л. Роль региональных программ социально-экономического стимулирования в привлечении врачебных кадров в систему сельского здравоохранения. Здравоохранение Российской Федерации. 2018;62(4):172–180. DOI: 10.18821/0044-197X-2018-62-4-172-180.Дощанникова О.А., Поздеева Т.В., Филиппов Ю.Н., Хлапов А.Л. Роль региональных программ социально-экономического стимулирования в привлечении врачебных кадров в систему сельского здравоохранения. Здравоохранение Российской Федерации. 2018;62(4):172–180. DOI: 10.18821/0044-197X-2018-62-4-172-180.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.