<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2023-2-21-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-5216</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вариантная анатомия и коды внутриствольных путей грудоспинного нерва</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anatomical variations and coding of the intra-trunk pathways in the thoracodorsal nerve</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4809-4491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунов</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunov</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбунов Николай Станиславович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, кафедра оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии, 660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1;</p><p>вед. науч. сотрудник, 660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 3и</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022;</p><p>3i, Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorbunov_ns@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-182X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобер</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kober</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кобер Кристина Владимировна – хирург-онколог, </p><p>660133, г. Красноярск, ул. 1-я Смоленская, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16, 1st Smolenskaya Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660133</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k-kober@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5988-1688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каспаров</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasparov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каспаров Эдуард Вильямович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор,</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 3и</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3i, Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rsimpn@scn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-7379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ростовцев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rostovtsev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ростовцев Сергей Иванович – д-р мед. наук, доцент, кафедра анестезиологии и реаниматологии,</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rostovcev.1960@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-7821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Протасюк</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Protasyuk</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Протасюк Екатерина Николаевна – ординатор, </p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demonshire@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский государственный медицинский университет (КрасГМУ) им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого;&#13;
&#13;
Научно-исследовательский институт (НИИ) медицинских проблем Севера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University;&#13;
Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский краевой клинический онкологический диспансер (КККОД) им. А.И. Крыжановского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Kryzhanovsky Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Oncology Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт (НИИ) медицинских проблем Севера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский государственный медицинский университет (КрасГМУ) им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбунов Н.С., Кобер К.В., Каспаров Э.В., Ростовцев С.И., Протасюк Е.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбунов Н.С., Кобер К.В., Каспаров Э.В., Ростовцев С.И., Протасюк Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbunov N.S., Kober K.V., Kasparov E.V., Rostovtsev S.I., Protasyuk E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5216">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5216</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – изучить варианты внутриствольных путей пучков грудоспинного нерва и разработать систему их кодирования.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. После фиксации в 2%-м растворе уксусной кислоты с помощью стереоскопической лупы МБС-10 выполнено макромикроскопическое внутриствольное препарирование пучков грудоспинного нерва на 121 препарате плечевого сплетения от 105 трупов мужчин и женщин в возрасте 40–97 лет. Из полученных показателей в программе MS Excel 12 сформирована база данных и проведено определение количества встречающихся вариантов строения в абсолютных и относительных (% от 121 препарата) единицах.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведенное исследование позволило выявить, что грудоспинной нерв является смешанным нервом, состоит из 1–3 чувствительных и одного двигательного пучков, которые неодинаково проходят через спинномозговые нервы, стволы, подмышечный нерв с образованием 20 внутриствольных путей. В 77% случаев чувствительные пучки от грудоспинного нерва проходят через задний пучок, заднее разделение, средний ствол и спинномозговой нерв С7 или нижний ствол и С8. В 22% у грудоспинного нерва кроме основного имеется еще один, редко – два дублирующих чувствительных пути. Двигательный пучок до грудоспинного нерва в 93% проходит через спинномозговой нерв С7 и средний ствол, заднее разделение и задний пучок. Кодирование вариантов внутриствольных путей в направлении чувствительный пучок → задний пучок → заднее разделение → ствол → спинномозговой нерв; двигательный пучок ! задний пучок ! заднее разделение ! ствол ! спинномозговой нерв позволяет кратко, наглядно и полно отобразить все морфологические разнообразия строения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявленные варианты внутриствольных путей могут быть полезны при диагностике травм и заболеваний, расширяют показания использования спинномозговых нервов и стволов плечевого сплетения, грудоспинного нерва в реконструктивных операциях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study anatomical variations of the intra–trunk pathways in the thoracodorsal nerve bundles and to develop a system for their coding.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. After fixation in a 2% solution of acetic acid using the MBS-10 stereomicroscope, we performed macro- and microscopic intra-trunk dissection of thoracodorsal nerve bundles in 121 specimens obtained from 105 corpses of males and females who died at the age of 40–97 years. Using the obtained findings, we compiled a database in the MS Excel 12.0 software and determined the number of anatomical variations in absolute and relative (% from 121 specimens) units.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study revealed that the thoracodorsal nerve is a mixed nerve, which consists of 1 motor and 1– 3 sensory bundles that variously pass through the spinal nerves, trunks, and the axillary nerve with the formation of 20 intra-trunk pathways. In 77% of cases, sensory bundles arising from the thoracodorsal nerve pass through the posterior bundle, the posterior division, the middle trunk, and the C7 spinal nerve or the inferior trunk and the C8 spinal nerve. In 22% of cases, the thoracodorsal nerve has one or, rarely, two duplicate sensory pathways besides the main one. In 93% of cases, the motor bundle to the thoracodorsal nerve passes through the C7 spinal nerve and the middle trunk, the posterior division, and the posterior bundle. Coding the anatomical variations of the intra-trunk pathways in the direction of sensory bundle «posterior bundle → posterior division → trunk → spinal nerve; motor bundle ← posterior bundle ← posterior division ← trunk ← spinal nerve allows to briefly yet clearly and fully display the morphological diversity of the nerve anatomy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The identified anatomical variations of the intra-trunk pathways can be useful in the diagnosis of injuries and diseases. They expand indications for the use of spinal nerves, trunks of the brachial plexus, and the thoracodorsal nerve in reconstructive surgery.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грудоспинной нерв</kwd><kwd>внутриствольные пути</kwd><kwd>чувствительные пучки</kwd><kwd>двигательный пучок</kwd><kwd>смешанный пучок</kwd><kwd>варианты</kwd><kwd>коды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thoracodorsal nerve</kwd><kwd>intra-trunk pathways</kwd><kwd>sensory bundles</kwd><kwd>motor bundle</kwd><kwd>mixed bundle</kwd><kwd>anatomical variations</kwd><kwd>codes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование поддержано Красноярским краевым фондом науки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Krasnoyarsk Regional Science Foundation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emamhadi M., Chabok S.Y., Samini F., Alijani B., Behzadnia H., Firozabad F.A. et al. Anatomical Variations of Brachial Plexus in Adult Cadavers; A Descriptive Study. Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2016;4(3):253–258.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emamhadi M., Chabok S.Y., Samini F., Alijani B., Behzadnia H., Firozabad F.A. et al. Anatomical Variations of Brachial Plexus in Adult Cadavers; A Descriptive Study. Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2016;4(3):253–258.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golarz S.R., White J.M. Anatomic variation of the phrenic nerve and brachial plexus encountered during 100 supraclavicular decompressions for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome with associated postoperative neurologic complication. Annals of Vascular Surgery. 2020;62:70–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.04.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golarz S.R., White J.M. Anatomic variation of the phrenic nerve and brachial plexus encountered during 100 supraclavicular decompressions for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome with associated postoperative neurologic complication. Annals of Vascular Surgery. 2020;62:70–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.04.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassan A., Jan N. Anatomical variations in brachial plexus formation and branching pattern in adult cadavers. Annals of R.S.C.B. 2021;25(4):4869–4876. 4. Mioton L., Dumanian G.A., De la Garza M., Ko J.H. Histologic analysis of sensory and motor axons in branches of the human brachial plexus. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2019;144(6):1359–1368. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000006278.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassan A., Jan N. Anatomical variations in brachial plexus formation and branching pattern in adult cadavers. Annals of R.S.C.B. 2021;25(4):4869–4876. 4. Mioton L., Dumanian G.A., De la Garza M., Ko J.H. Histologic analysis of sensory and motor axons in branches of the human brachial plexus. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2019;144(6):1359–1368. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000006278.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agarwal P., Bajaj J., Sharma D. Techniques for Differentiating Motor and Sensory Fascicles of a Peripheral Nerve – A Review. Indian Journal of Neurotrauma. 2020;17(1). DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agarwal P., Bajaj J., Sharma D. Techniques for Differentiating Motor and Sensory Fascicles of a Peripheral Nerve – A Review. Indian Journal of Neurotrauma. 2020;17(1). DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou X., Du J., Qing L., Mee T., Xu X., Wang Zh. et al. Identification of sensory and motor nerve fascicles by immunofluorescence staining after peripheral nerve injury. J. Transl. Med. 2021;19(1):207. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02871-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou X., Du J., Qing L., Mee T., Xu X., Wang Zh. et al. Identification of sensory and motor nerve fascicles by immunofluorescence staining after peripheral nerve injury. J. Transl. Med. 2021;19(1):207. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02871-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osborne N.R., Anastakis D.J., Davis K.D. Peripheral nerve injuries, pain, and neuroplasticity. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2018;31(2):184–194. DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2018.01.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osborne N.R., Anastakis D.J., Davis K.D. Peripheral nerve injuries, pain, and neuroplasticity. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2018;31(2):184–194. DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2018.01.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Llusá M., Morro M.R., Casañas J., Moore A.M. Surgical anatomy of the brachial plexus. In: Shin A.Y., Pulos N. (eds). Operative Brachial Plexus Surgery. Springer, Cham. 2021;19–31. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-69517-0_2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Llusá M., Morro M.R., Casañas J., Moore A.M. Surgical anatomy of the brachial plexus. In: Shin A.Y., Pulos N. (eds). Operative Brachial Plexus Surgery. Springer, Cham. 2021;19–31. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-69517-0_2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beris A., Gkiatas I., Gelalis I., Papadopoulos D., Kostas Agnantis I. Current concepts in peripheral nerve surgery. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. 2019;29:263–269. DOI: 10.1007/s00590-018-2344-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beris A., Gkiatas I., Gelalis I., Papadopoulos D., Kostas Agnantis I. Current concepts in peripheral nerve surgery. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. 2019;29:263–269. DOI: 10.1007/s00590-018-2344-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park S.O., Kim J., Kim Il-K., Chung J.H., Jin U.S., Chang H. Minimizing donor site morbidity using the interfascicular nerve splitting technique in single-stage latissimus neuromuscular transfer for facial reanimation. Correspondence and Communications. 2021;74(5):1101–1160. DOI: 1016/j.bjps.2020.10.030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park S.O., Kim J., Kim Il-K., Chung J.H., Jin U.S., Chang H. Minimizing donor site morbidity using the interfascicular nerve splitting technique in single-stage latissimus neuromuscular transfer for facial reanimation. Correspondence and Communications. 2021;74(5):1101–1160. DOI: 1016/j.bjps.2020.10.030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manoukian O.S., Baker J.T., Rudraiah S., Arul M.R., Vella A.T., Domb A.J. et al. Functional polymeric nerve guidance conduits and drug delivery strategies for peripheral nerve repair and regeneration. Journal of Controlled Release. 2020;10(317):78–95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel. 2019.11.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manoukian O.S., Baker J.T., Rudraiah S., Arul M.R., Vella A.T., Domb A.J. et al. Functional polymeric nerve guidance conduits and drug delivery strategies for peripheral nerve repair and regeneration. Journal of Controlled Release. 2020;10(317):78–95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel. 2019.11.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon T. Peripheral nerve regeneration and muscle reinnervation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020;21(22):8652. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228652.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon T. Peripheral nerve regeneration and muscle reinnervation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020;21(22):8652. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228652.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bedarida V., Qassemyar Q., Temam S., Janot F., Kolb F. Facial functional outcomes analysis after reconstruction by vascularized thoracodorsal nerve free flap following radical parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifice. Head &amp; Neck. 2020;42(5):994–1003. DOI: 10.1002/hed.26076.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bedarida V., Qassemyar Q., Temam S., Janot F., Kolb F. Facial functional outcomes analysis after reconstruction by vascularized thoracodorsal nerve free flap following radical parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifice. Head &amp; Neck. 2020;42(5):994–1003. DOI: 10.1002/hed.26076.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guyonvarch P., Benmoussa N., Moya‐Plana A., Leymarie N., Mangialardi M.L., Honart J. et al. Thoracodorsal artery perforator free flap with vascularized thoracodorsal nerve for head and neck reconstruction following radical parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifice: Step‐by‐step surgical technique video. Head &amp; Neck. 2021;43(7):2255–2258. DOI: 10.1002/hed.26701.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guyonvarch P., Benmoussa N., Moya‐Plana A., Leymarie N., Mangialardi M.L., Honart J. et al. Thoracodorsal artery perforator free flap with vascularized thoracodorsal nerve for head and neck reconstruction following radical parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifice: Step‐by‐step surgical technique video. Head &amp; Neck. 2021;43(7):2255–2258. DOI: 10.1002/hed.26701.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu W., Xu J.G., Wang D.P., Gu Y.D. Microanatomical study on the functional origin and direction of the thoracodorsal nerve from the trunks of brachial plexus. Wiley InterScience. 2008;21(6):509–513. DOI: 10.1002/ca.20656.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu W., Xu J.G., Wang D.P., Gu Y.D. Microanatomical study on the functional origin and direction of the thoracodorsal nerve from the trunks of brachial plexus. Wiley InterScience. 2008;21(6):509–513. DOI: 10.1002/ca.20656.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raksakulkiat R., Leechavengvongs S., Malungpaishrope K., Uerpairojkit C., Witoonchart K., Chongthammakun S. Restoration of winged scapula in upper arm type brachial plexus injury: anatomic feasibility. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 2009;92(6):S244–250.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raksakulkiat R., Leechavengvongs S., Malungpaishrope K., Uerpairojkit C., Witoonchart K., Chongthammakun S. Restoration of winged scapula in upper arm type brachial plexus injury: anatomic feasibility. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 2009;92(6):S244–250.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gesslbauer B., Hruby L.A., Roche A.D., Farina D., Blumer R., Oskar C. et al. Axonal components of nerves innervating the human arm. Ann. Neurol. 2017;82(3):396–408. DOI: 10.1002/ana.25018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gesslbauer B., Hruby L.A., Roche A.D., Farina D., Blumer R., Oskar C. et al. Axonal components of nerves innervating the human arm. Ann. Neurol. 2017;82(3):396–408. DOI: 10.1002/ana.25018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oh S.Y., Jung K., Kim E.H. Production of collagen nanofiber using electrospinning dope of acid-soluble collagen isolated from fish skin. Textile Science and Engineering. 2020;57(3):186–191. DOI: 10.12772/TSE.2020.57.186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oh S.Y., Jung K., Kim E.H. Production of collagen nanofiber using electrospinning dope of acid-soluble collagen isolated from fish skin. Textile Science and Engineering. 2020;57(3):186–191. DOI: 10.12772/TSE.2020.57.186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rastogi R., Budhiraja V., Bansal K. Posterior cord of brachial plexus and its branches: anatomical variations and clinical implication. ISRN Anat. 2013;2013:501813. DOI: 10.5402/2013/501813.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rastogi R., Budhiraja V., Bansal K. Posterior cord of brachial plexus and its branches: anatomical variations and clinical implication. ISRN Anat. 2013;2013:501813. DOI: 10.5402/2013/501813.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee K.S. Variation of the spinal nerve compositions of thoracodorsal nerve. Clin. Anat. 2007;20(6):660–662. DOI: 10.1002/ca.20484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee K.S. Variation of the spinal nerve compositions of thoracodorsal nerve. Clin. Anat. 2007;20(6):660–662. DOI: 10.1002/ca.20484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leijnse J.N., Bakker B.S., D’Herde K. The brachial plexus – explaining its morphology and variability by a generic developmental model. J. Anat. 2020;236(5):862–882. DOI: 10.1111/joa.13123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leijnse J.N., Bakker B.S., D’Herde K. The brachial plexus – explaining its morphology and variability by a generic developmental model. J. Anat. 2020;236(5):862–882. DOI: 10.1111/joa.13123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brushart T., Kebaisch F., Wolinsky R., Skolasky R., Li Z., Barker N. Sensory axons inhibit motor axon regeneration in vitro. Experimental Neurology. 2019;323:113073. DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113073.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brushart T., Kebaisch F., Wolinsky R., Skolasky R., Li Z., Barker N. Sensory axons inhibit motor axon regeneration in vitro. Experimental Neurology. 2019;323:113073. DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113073.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spead O., Poulain F.E. Trans-axonal signaling in neural circuit wiring. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020;21(14):5170. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spead O., Poulain F.E. Trans-axonal signaling in neural circuit wiring. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020;21(14):5170. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
