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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-37-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-5523</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование транскриптома плоскоклеточного рака головы и шеи после протонного облучения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma transcriptome after proton therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-0433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джуманиязова</surname><given-names>Э. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jumaniyazova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джуманиязова Энар Денисовна – ассистент, кафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии, Медицинский институт, стажер-исследователь, лаборатория молекулярной патофизиологии клетки</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-8240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнякова</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnyakova</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вишнякова Полина Александровна – канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии, Медицинский институт, РУДН; зав. лабораторией регенеративной медицины, НМИЦ АГП им. акад. В.И. Кулакова; зав. лабораторией молекулярной патофизиологии клетки, НИИ МКМ РУДН</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6,</p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198,</p><p>4, Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">p_vishnyakova@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3659-0360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чиркова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chirkova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чиркова Мирослава Васильевна – лаборант</p><p>109004, г. Москва, ул. Александра Солженицына, 25</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>25, Aleksandra Solzhenitsyna Str., Moscow, 109004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mirachirkova@ispras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-2163</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпулевич</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpulevich</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпулевич Евгений Андреевич – науч. сотрудник, ИСП РАН</p><p>109004, г. Москва, ул. Александра Солженицына, 25</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>25, Aleksandra Solzhenitsyna Str., Moscow, 109004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karpulevich@ispras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5093-6232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремина</surname><given-names>И. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremina</surname><given-names>I. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Еремина Ирина Здиславовна – канд. биол. наук, доцент, зав. учебной частью, кафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии, Медицинский институт</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eremina_iz@rudn.university</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2759-297X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордон</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordon</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гордон Константин Борисович – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии, Медицинский институт, РУДН, врач-радиотерапевт, науч. сотрудник, отделение протонной и фотонной терапии, МРНЦ им. А. Цыба</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6,</p><p>249036, г. Обнинск, ул. Маршала Жукова, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198,</p><p>10, Marshala Zhukova Str., Obninsk, 249036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drgordonkb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каприн</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaprin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каприн Андрей Дмитриевич – д-р мед. наук, академик РАН, зав. кафедрой онкологии и рентгенорадиологии им. акад. РАН В.П. Харченко, Медицинский институт, РУДН; генеральный директор «НМИЦ радиологии»</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6,</p><p>249036, г. Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198,</p><p>4, Koroleva Str., Obninsk, 249036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaprin-ad@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6498-5764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхудинов</surname><given-names>Т. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatkhudinov</surname><given-names>T. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фатхудинов Тимур Хайсамудинович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии, зам. директора по научной работе, Медицинский институт РУДН; зам. директора НИИМЧ им. академика А.П. Авцына; директор НИИ МКМ РУДН</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6,</p><p>117418, г. Москва, ул. Цюрупы, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198,</p><p>3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tfat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт молекулярной и клеточной медицины Российского университета дружбы народов (НИИ МКМ РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN Research Institute of MCM)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт молекулярной и клеточной медицины Российского университета дружбы народов (НИИ МКМ РУДН);&#13;
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии (НМИЦ АПГ) им. акад. В.И. Кулакова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN Research Institute of MCM);&#13;
National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт системного программирования им. В.П. Иванникова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISP RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт молекулярной и клеточной медицины Российского университета дружбы народов (НИИ МКМ РУДН);&#13;
Медицинский радиологический научный центр (МРНЦ) им. А. Цыба – филиал Национального медицинского исследовательского центра радиологии (филиал «НМИЦ радиологии»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN Research Institute of MCM);&#13;
A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – branch of FGBU National Medical Research Center of Radiology (a branch of FGBU National Medical Research Center of Radiology)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт молекулярной и клеточной медицины Российского университета дружбы народов (НИИ МКМ РУДН);&#13;
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр (НМИЦ) радиологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN Research Institute of MCM);&#13;
National Medical Research Center of Radiology (NMC Radiology of the Ministry)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт молекулярной и клеточной медицины Российского университета дружбы народов (НИИ МКМ РУДН);&#13;
Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека (НИИМЧ) им. акад. А.П. Авцына</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN Research Institute of MCM);&#13;
Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Джуманиязова Э.Д., Вишнякова П.А., Чиркова М.В., Карпулевич Е.А., Еремина И.З., Гордон К.Б., Каприн А.Д., Фатхудинов Т.Х., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Джуманиязова Э.Д., Вишнякова П.А., Чиркова М.В., Карпулевич Е.А., Еремина И.З., Гордон К.Б., Каприн А.Д., Фатхудинов Т.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jumaniyazova E.D., Vishnyakova P.A., Chirkova M.V., Karpulevich E.A., Eremina I.Z., Gordon K.B., Kaprin A.D., Fatkhudinov T.H.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5523">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5523</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – оценить изменения транскриптома клеток ткани плоскоклеточного рака головы и шеи (ПРГШ) у пациентов после протонного облучения.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Биопсийный материал, полученный от трех пациентов ПРГШ до и после протонного облучения в суммарной дозе 10 изоГр, был подвергнут гомогенизации, очистке и концентрации. После чего была выделена тотальная РНК с последующей очисткой и концентрацией набором RNA Clean &amp; Concentrator (Zymo Research), количество оценивали с помощью прибора Qubit 2.0 (Invitrogen, Life Technologies). После выделения тотальной РНК из 1 мкг для секвенирования на платформе Illumina были приготовлены библиотеки с использованием набора TruSeq RNA Sample Prep Kit v2 с этапом обогащения в 10 циклов в соответствии с рекомендациями производителя. Качество РНК и полученных библиотек проверялось с помощью системы капиллярного электрофореза Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Tec. Inc., США). Параметр RIN для РНК составлял не менее 7. Концентрацию библиотек оценивали с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени на приборе CFX96 Touch Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad, США). Окончательные библиотеки объединяли в эквимолярных пропорциях перед секвенированием на платформе Illumina HiSeq 2500 с использованием парно-концевых прочтений по 50 оснований. Параметр Q20 для всех образцов составил более 97%, а количество прочтений в среднем равнялось 60,2 млн на образец. Cырые прочтения были обработаны с использованием RTA 1.17.21.3 и Casava 1.8.2 (Illumina). Анализ обогащения был выполнен с помощью программного обеспечения PANTHER 17.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе транскриптомного анализа ПРГШ после пятикратного облучения пациентов протонами (2 изоГр) в суммарной дозе 10 изоГр было обнаружено 1 414 значимо дифференциально экспрессированных генов. Выделены 10 наиболее и наименее экспрессируемых генов и ассоциированные с ними сигнальные пути. В ПРГШ после облучения протонами обнаружен ряд сигнальных путей, связанных с низкоэкспрессированными генами, таких как STAT5; сигнальный путь PD-1; отмечена MET-опосредованная активация сигнального пути PTK2, передача сигналов PDGF; CD22-опосредованная регуляция BCR; активация MAPK, опосредованная FCERI. Кроме вышеназванных сигнальных путей обращает на себя внимание активация процесса распада коллагена, FCGR3A-опосредованного фагоцитоза и FCGR3A-опосредованного синтеза интерлейкина-10 (IL10). При анализе обогащения среди высокоэкспрессируемых генов в ткани ПРГШ после протонного облучения были активированы процессы ороговения и биологического окисления.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Облучение протонами при ПРГШ приводит к гиперэкспрессии генов, вовлеченных в регуляцию процессов ороговения и биологического окисления; гипоэкспрессии генов, связанных с подавлением сигнальных путей: STAT5, PD-1, MET-опосредованной активации сигнального пути PTK2, передачи сигналов PDGF; CD22-опосредованной регуляции BCR; активации MAPK, опосредованной FCERI, процесса распада коллагена, активации FCGR3A-опосредованного фагоцитоза и FCGR3A-опосредованного синтеза IL10. Все сигнальные пути гипоэкспрессированных генов функционируют в клетках ПРГШ, если негативного влияния на опухоль не оказывается извне (облучение или поступление противоопухолевых препаратов). Преобладание подавленных сигнальных путей над активированными, вероятнее всего, свидетельствует о снижении функционального потенциала клеток после облучения протонами. Дозозависимость эффектов ПТ обусловливает необходимость дальнейшего изучения изменений клеточных и молекулярно-генетических сигнатур ПРГШ после протонного облучения разными дозами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate changes in the transcriptome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissue cells in patients after proton therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Biopsy material obtained from 3 HNSCC patients before and after proton therapy at a total dose of 10 isoGy was homogenized, purified, and concentrated. Then total RNA was isolated with further purification and concentration with the RNA Clean &amp; Concentrator kit (Zymo Research). Library quantitation was assessed using the Qubit 2.0 instrument (Invitrogen, Life Technologies). After isolation of 1 μg total RNA for sequencing, libraries were prepared on the Illumina platform using the TruSeq RNA Sample Prep Kit v2 with a 10-cycle enrichment step according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The quality of RNA and the resulting libraries was checked using the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer system (Agilent Tec. Inc., USA). The RIN parameter for RNA was at least 7. The library concentration was assessed by real-time PCR on the CFX96 Touch Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad, USA). Final libraries were pooled in equimolar ratios before sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform using 50 base-pair paired-end reads. The Q20 parameter for all samples was &gt; 97%, and the number of reads averaged 60.2 million per sample. Raw reads were processed using the RTA 1.17.21.3 and Casava 1.8.2 (Illumina). The enrichment analysis was performed using the PANTHER 17.0 software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The transcriptome analysis of HNSCC after proton radiation therapy (5 x 2 isoGy) at a total dose of 10 isoGy revealed 1,414 significantly differentially expressed genes. The 10 most and least expressed genes and their associated signaling pathways were identified. A number of signaling pathways associated with the underexpressed genes were detected in HNSCC after proton therapy, such as: STAT5; PD-1 signaling pathway; marked MET-mediated activation of PTK2 signaling pathway, PDGF signaling; CD22-mediated regulation of BCR; and FCERI-mediated MAPK activation. In addition to the above signaling pathways, activation of collagen degradation, FCGR3A-mediated phagocytosis, and FCGR3A-mediated interleukin (IL)-10 synthesis are of interest. In the enrichment analysis among highly expressed genes, keratinization and biological oxidation processes were activated in HNSCC tissues after proton therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Proton therapy in HNSCC leads to overexpression of genes involved in the regulation of keratinization and biological oxidation processes as well as to underexpression of genes associated with suppression of signaling pathways: STAT5, PD-1, MET-mediated activation of PTK2 signaling pathway, PDGF signaling; CD22-mediated regulation of BCR; FCERI-mediated MAPK activation, collagen degradation, FCGR3A-mediated phagocytosis activation, and FCGR3A-mediated IL-10 synthesis. All signaling pathways of underexpressed genes function in HNSCC cells if there is no negative influence on the tumor from outside (irradiation or delivery of antitumor drugs). The predominance of suppressed signaling pathways over activated ones most likely indicates a decrease in the functional potential of cells after proton therapy. The dose-dependence of PT effects necessitates further study of changes in cellular and molecular-genetic signatures of HNSCC after proton irradiation with different doses.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак головы и шеи</kwd><kwd>транскриптом</kwd><kwd>протонное облучение</kwd><kwd>сигнальные пути</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>transcriptome</kwd><kwd>proton therapy</kwd><kwd>signaling pathways</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (соглашение № 075-15-2021-1356 от 7.10.2021 (идентификатор РФ 0951.61321X0012, № 15.CИН.21.0011)). Обсчеты выполнены при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (соглашение № 075-15-2022-294 от 15.04.2022)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (agreement No. 075-15-2022-294 dated April 15, 2022) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, agreement No. 075-15-2021-1356 dated October 7, 2021 (identifier RF 0951.61321X0012, No. 15.SIN.21.0011)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2021;71(3):209–249. 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