<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2024-2-46-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-5661</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-иммунологическая характеристика постковидного синдрома</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and immunological characteristics of post-COVID syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жданова Екатерина Васильевна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой патологической физиологии </p><p>625023, г. Тюмень, ул. Одесская, 54</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>54, Odesskaya Str., Tyumen, 625023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhdanova.e.v@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5644-8021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубцова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubtsova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рубцова Елена Викторовна – аспирант; врач-терапевт </p><p>640014, г. Курган, ул. М. Ульяновой, 6;625023, г. Тюмень, ул. Мельникайте, 89а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, M. Ulyanova Str., Kurgan 640014;89а, Melnikaite Str., Tyumen, 625023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rubtsova.e.v@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0237-5522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костоломова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostolomova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костоломова Елена Геннадьевна – канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры микробиологии </p><p>625023, г. Тюмень, ул. Одесская, 54</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>54, Odesskaya Str., Tyumen, 625023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lenacost@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный медицинский университет (ТюмГМУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. акад. Г.А. Илизарова (Центр Илизарова);&#13;
ООО «Поликлиника консультативно-диагностическая имени Е.М. Нигинского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Ilizarov Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics;&#13;
E.M. Niginsky Consultative and Diagnostic Clinic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жданова Е.В., Рубцова Е.В., Костоломова Е.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жданова Е.В., Рубцова Е.В., Костоломова Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhdanova E.V., Rubtsova E.V., Kostolomova E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5661">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5661</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – оценить динамику клинических проявлений и цитокиновый профиль сыворотки крови у пациентов с постковидным синдромом. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 46 пациентов (37 женщин и 9 мужчин) с признаками постковидного синдрома спустя 1–12 мес после перенесенной инфекции COVID-19. Факт перенесенной инфекции COVID-19 был лабораторно подтвержден (положительный результат полимеразной цепной реакции РНК SARS-Cov-2 в анамнезе или положительный титр антител иммуноглобулина (Ig) класса G к SARS-Cov-2 после купирования острого периода и при бессимптомном течении инфекции). Наряду с обязательным перечнем исследований, предусмотренных порядком проведения обязательных периодических осмотров медицинских работников, в сыворотке крови пациентов определяли содержание цитокинов интерлейкина (IL) 1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, фактора некроза опухоли альфа (TNFα), интерферона гамма (IFNγ) и уровень общего IgE. Результаты. Формирование постковидного синдрома не зависит от возраста, пола пациентов и тяжести течения острого периода перенесенной инфекции. При отсутствии противовирусной терапии или ее неполноценности вероятность развития постковидного синдрома повышается. В основе формирования клинических проявлений в ранние сроки – до 3 мес – постковидного синдрома лежит высокий уровень и дисбаланс про- и противовоспалительных цитокинов при отсутствии лабораторных признаков воспаления. Клиническая картина характеризуется симптомами астенизации и функциональными нарушениями нервной, сердечно-сосудистой, дыхательной систем и желудочно-кишечного тракта. Спустя 3 мес уровень большинства цитокинов нормализуется, но остается высокой только концентрация IL-17. Аллергические и аутоаллергические механизмы повреждения кожи, органов дыхания, суставов, а также прогрессирование сердечно-сосудистой патологии определяют клиническую симптоматику постковидного синдрома на протяжении 3–12 мес. Заключение. Динамика цитокинового фона в течение 12 мес отражает различные механизмы повреждения в разные сроки постковидного синдрома, что и определяет спектр его клинических проявлений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To evaluate changes in clinical manifestations and the cytokine profile of blood serum in patients with postCOVID syndrome. Materials and methods. The study involved 46 patients (37 women and 9 men) with signs of post-COVID syndrome 1–12 months after COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 infection was laboratory-confirmed (patients were tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 RNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or they were tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies after the end of the acute phase and in asymptomatic infection). Along with mandatory tests included in the regular health checkup of medical staff, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (INFγ), and total IgE were determined in the blood serum of patients. Results. The results showed that the development of post-COVID syndrome did not depend on the age and gender of patients and the severity of the acute phase of infection. Patients were more likely to develop postCOVID syndrome in the absence of antiviral therapy or in case of its ineffectiveness. A high level and imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines without laboratory signs of inflammation underlie the development of clinical manifestations at early stages of post-COVID syndrome (up to 3 months). The clinical presentation was characterized by symptoms of asthenia and functional disorders in the nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems and gastrointestinal tract. After 3 months, the content of most cytokines returned to normal levels, whereas only the concentration of IL-17 remained elevated. Allergic and autoallergic mechanisms of damage to the skin, respiratory organs, and joints, as well as progression of cardiovascular pathology determined the clinical symptoms of post-COVID syndrome for 3–12 months. Conclusion. The changes in the cytokine profile over 12 months reflect different damage mechanisms at different periods of the post-COVID syndrome, which determines the range of its clinical manifestations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>астенический синдром</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>post-COVID syndrome</kwd><kwd>asthenic syndrome</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костинов М.П., Маркелова Е.В., Свитич О.А., Полищук В.Б. Иммунные механизмы SARS-CoV-2 и потенциальные препараты для профилактики и лечения COVID-19. Пульмонология. 2020;30(5):700–708. DOI: 18093/0869-0189-2020-30-5-700-708.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Костинов М.П., Маркелова Е.В., Свитич О.А., Полищук В.Б. Иммунные механизмы SARS-CoV-2 и потенциальные препараты для профилактики и лечения COVID-19. Пульмонология. 2020;30(5):700–708. DOI: 18093/0869-0189-2020-30-5-700-708.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sudre C.H., Murray B., Varsavsky T., Graham M.S., Penfold R.S., Bowyer R.C. et al. Attributes and predictors of Long-COVID: analysis of COVID cases and their symptoms collected by the COVID symptoms. Study App. 2020;27(4):626–631. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01292-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sudre C.H., Murray B., Varsavsky T., Graham M.S., Penfold R.S., Bowyer R.C. et al. Attributes and predictors of Long-COVID: analysis of COVID cases and their symptoms collected by the COVID symptoms. Study App. 2020;27(4):626–631. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01292-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klitzman R.L. Needs to prepare for "post-COVID-19 syndrome". Am. J. Bioeth. 2020;20(11):4–6. DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2020.1820755.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klitzman R.L. Needs to prepare for "post-COVID-19 syndrome". Am. J. Bioeth. 2020;20(11):4–6. DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2020.1820755.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amenta E.M., Spallone A., Rodriguez-Barradas M.C., Sahly H.M., Atmar R.L., Kulkarni P.A. Post-acute COVID-19: an overview and approach to classification. Open Forum Infect. Dis. 2020;7(12):ofaa509. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amenta E.M., Spallone A., Rodriguez-Barradas M.C., Sahly H.M., Atmar R.L., Kulkarni P.A. Post-acute COVID-19: an overview and approach to classification. Open Forum Infect. Dis. 2020;7(12):ofaa509. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altmann D.M., Boyton R.J. Decoding the unknowns in long COVID. BMJ. 2021;372:132. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altmann D.M., Boyton R.J. Decoding the unknowns in long COVID. BMJ. 2021;372:132. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C., Palacios-Ceña D., Gómez-Mayordomo V., Cuadrado M.L, Florencio L.L. Defining post-COVID symptoms (post-acute COVID, long COVID, persistent postCOVID): an integrative classification. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021;18(5):2621. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052621.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C., Palacios-Ceña D., Gómez-Mayordomo V., Cuadrado M.L, Florencio L.L. Defining post-COVID symptoms (post-acute COVID, long COVID, persistent postCOVID): an integrative classification. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021;18(5):2621. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052621.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenhalgh T., Knight M., A’Court M., Buxton M., Husain L. Management of post-acute COVID-19 in primary care. BMJ. 2020;370:m3026. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenhalgh T., Knight M., A’Court M., Buxton M., Husain L. Management of post-acute COVID-19 in primary care. BMJ. 2020;370:m3026. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nalbandian A., Sehgal K., Gupta A., Madhavan M.V., McGroder C., Stevens J.S. et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat. Med. 2021;27(4):601–615. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nalbandian A., Sehgal K., Gupta A., Madhavan M.V., McGroder C., Stevens J.S. et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat. Med. 2021;27(4):601–615. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amenta E.M., Spallone A., Rodriguez-Barradas M.C., Sahly H.M.E., Atmar R.L., Kulkarni P.A. Post-acute COVID-19: an overview and approach to classification. Open Forum Infect. Dis. 2020;7(12):509. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amenta E.M., Spallone A., Rodriguez-Barradas M.C., Sahly H.M.E., Atmar R.L., Kulkarni P.A. Post-acute COVID-19: an overview and approach to classification. Open Forum Infect. Dis. 2020;7(12):509. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arnold D.T., Hamilton F.W., Milne A., Morley A.J., Viner J., Attwood M. et al. Patient outcomes after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and implications for follow-up: results from a prospective UK cohort. Thorax. 2021;76(4):399–401. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216086.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arnold D.T., Hamilton F.W., Milne A., Morley A.J., Viner J., Attwood M. et al. Patient outcomes after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and implications for follow-up: results from a prospective UK cohort. Thorax. 2021;76(4):399–401. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216086.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noordenbos T., Blijdorp I., Chen S., Stap J., Mul E., Cañete J.D. et al. Human mast cells capture, store, and release bioactive, exogenous IL-17A. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2016;100:453–462. DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3HI1215-542R.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noordenbos T., Blijdorp I., Chen S., Stap J., Mul E., Cañete J.D. et al. Human mast cells capture, store, and release bioactive, exogenous IL-17A. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2016;100:453–462. DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3HI1215-542R.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazama I. Stabilizing mast cells by commonly used drugs: a novel therapeutic target to relieve post-COVID syndrome? Drug Discov. Ther. 2020;14(5):259–261. DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2020.03095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazama I. Stabilizing mast cells by commonly used drugs: a novel therapeutic target to relieve post-COVID syndrome? Drug Discov. Ther. 2020;14(5):259–261. DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2020.03095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinstock L.B., Brook J.B., Walters A.S., Goris A., Afrin LB., Molderings G.J. Mast cell activation symptoms are prevalent in Long-COVID. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2021;112:217–226. DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2020.03095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinstock L.B., Brook J.B., Walters A.S., Goris A., Afrin LB., Molderings G.J. Mast cell activation symptoms are prevalent in Long-COVID. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2021;112:217–226. DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2020.03095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isailovic N., Daigo K., Mantovani A., Selmi C. Interleukin-17 and innate immunity in infections and chronic inflammation. J. Autoimmun. 2015; 60:1–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.04.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isailovic N., Daigo K., Mantovani A., Selmi C. Interleukin-17 and innate immunity in infections and chronic inflammation. J. Autoimmun. 2015; 60:1–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.04.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang S.H., Dong C. Signaling of interleukin-17 family cytokines in immunity and inflammation. Cell Signal. 2011;23:1069–1075. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.11.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang S.H., Dong C. Signaling of interleukin-17 family cytokines in immunity and inflammation. Cell Signal. 2011;23:1069–1075. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.11.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костарева О.С., Габдулхаков А.Г., Коляденко И.А., Гарбер М.Б., Тищенко С.В. Интерлейкин-17: функциональные и структурные особенности; использование в качестве терапевтической мишени. Успехи биологической химии. 2019;59:393–418. DOI: 10.1134/S0006297919140116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Костарева О.С., Габдулхаков А.Г., Коляденко И.А., Гарбер М.Б., Тищенко С.В. Интерлейкин-17: функциональные и структурные особенности; использование в качестве терапевтической мишени. Успехи биологической химии. 2019;59:393–418. DOI: 10.1134/S0006297919140116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y., Zhou E. Interleukin-17: role in pathological angiogenesis in ocular neovascular diseases. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2019;247(2):87–98. DOI: 10.1620/tjem.247.87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y., Zhou E. Interleukin-17: role in pathological angiogenesis in ocular neovascular diseases. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2019;247(2):87–98. DOI: 10.1620/tjem.247.87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miossec P. Update on interleukin-17: a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis and implication for clinical practice. RMD Open. 2017;3(1):e000284. DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000284.eCollection 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miossec P. Update on interleukin-17: a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis and implication for clinical practice. RMD Open. 2017;3(1):e000284. DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000284.eCollection 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen H., Chiasson V.L., Chatterjee P., Kopriva S.E., Young K.J., Mitchell B.M. Interleukin-17 causes Rho-kinase-mediated endothelial dysfunction and hypertension Cardiovasc. Res. 2013;97(4):696–704. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs422.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen H., Chiasson V.L., Chatterjee P., Kopriva S.E., Young K.J., Mitchell B.M. Interleukin-17 causes Rho-kinase-mediated endothelial dysfunction and hypertension Cardiovasc. Res. 2013;97(4):696–704. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs422.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orejudo M., Garcia-Redondo A.B., Rodrigues-Diez R.R., Rodrigues-Diez R., Santos-Sanchez L., Tejera-Munoz A. et al. Interleukin-17A induces vascular remodeling of small arteries and blood pressure elevation. Clin. Sci. (Lond.). 2020;134(5):513–527. DOI: 10.1042/CS20190682.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orejudo M., Garcia-Redondo A.B., Rodrigues-Diez R.R., Rodrigues-Diez R., Santos-Sanchez L., Tejera-Munoz A. et al. Interleukin-17A induces vascular remodeling of small arteries and blood pressure elevation. Clin. Sci. (Lond.). 2020;134(5):513–527. DOI: 10.1042/CS20190682.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Z.-J., Wang T.-T., Wang B.-Y., Gao H., He C.-W., Shang H.-W. et al. Deeper insight into the role of IL-17 in the relationship between hypertension and intestinal physiology. J. Inflamm. (Lond.). 2022;19(1):14. DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00311-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Z.-J., Wang T.-T., Wang B.-Y., Gao H., He C.-W., Shang H.-W. et al. Deeper insight into the role of IL-17 in the relationship between hypertension and intestinal physiology. J. Inflamm. (Lond.). 2022;19(1):14. DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00311-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
