<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2024-3-126-135</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-5748</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогностическая ценность повышенного уровня трансаминаз в качестве предиктора неблагоприятного исхода у больных с острым инфарктом миокарда</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prognostic value of elevated transaminase levels as predictors of adverse outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-2647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хоанг</surname><given-names>Ч. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hoang</surname><given-names>T. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хоанг Чыонг Хюй – канд. мед. наук, преподаватель, кафедра внутренних болезней, Медицинский университет Фам Нгок Тач; врач-кардиолог, кардиологическое отделение № 5, Кардиологическая больница Там Дык</p><p>72410, г. Хошимин, ул. Дуонг Куанг Трунг, 02; 756335, г. Хошимин, ул. Нгуен Лыонг Банг, 04</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>02, Duong Quang Trung Str., Ho Chi Minh city, 72410; 04, Nguyen Luong Bang Str., Ho Chi Minh City, 756335, Vietnam</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">truonghh@pnt.du.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2135-2606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майсков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maiskov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Майсков Виктор Викторович – канд. мед. наук, доцент, кафедра внутренних болезней с курсом кардиологии и функциональной диагностики им. В.С. Моисеева, Медицинский институт, РУДН; зав. отделением рентгенохирургических методов диа- гностики и лечения, ГКБ им. В.В. Виноградова </p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 8; 117292, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Вавилова, 61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198; 61, Vavilova Str., Moscow, 117292</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maiskov-angio@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6818-8845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мерай</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merai</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мерай Имад Ахмадович – канд. мед. наук, доцент, кафедра внутренних болезней с курсом кардиологии и функциональной диагностики им. В.С. Моисеева, Медицинский институт, РУДН; зав. I отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии кардиоло- гического профиля, ГКБ им. В.В. Виноградова</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 8; 117292, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Вавилова, 61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Mikluho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198;61, Vavilova Str., Moscow, 117292</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">imadmerai@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-1768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобалава</surname><given-names>Ж. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobalava</surname><given-names>Zh. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кобалава Жанна Давидовна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, зав. каф. внутренних болезней с курсом кардиологии и функциональной диагностики им. В.С. Моисеева, Медицинский институт</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 8</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zkobalava@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский университет Фам Нгок Тач; &#13;
Кардиологическая больница Там Дык</institution><country>Вьетнам</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine; &#13;
Tam Duc Heart Hospital</institution><country>Viet Nam</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов; &#13;
Городская клиническая больница им. В.В. Виноградова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; &#13;
Vinogradov Municipal Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хоанг Ч.Х., Майсков В.В., Мерай И.А., Кобалава Ж.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хоанг Ч.Х., Майсков В.В., Мерай И.А., Кобалава Ж.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Hoang T.H., Maiskov V.V., Merai I.A., Kobalava Z.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5748">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5748</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить распространенность повышенного уровня аланинаминотрансферазы (аланинтрансаминазы, АЛТ) и аспартатаминотрансферазы (аспартаттрансаминазы, АСТ) у больных с острым инфарктом миокарда (ОИМ) и их возможное прогностическое влияние на госпитальную и долгосрочную смертность.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проспективное наблюдательное исследование включало 416 последовательных пациентов с ОИМ без известного на момент госпитализации заболевания печени (медиана возраста 65 лет, 40,9% женщин, 46,9% с подъемом сегмента ST), которым выполняли коронарографию в течение первых 24 ч после поступления в стационар. Сывороточные показатели АСТ и АЛТ определялись сразу при поступлении. Значения сывороточных трансаминаз считались повышенными, если их уровень превышал верхнюю границу нормы, определенной для локальной лаборатории. Конечными клиническими точками обсервационного исследования были определены внутрибольничная и 18-месячная смертность. Связь между клиническими конечными точками и вероятными факторами риска, включая уровень сывороточных трансаминаз, оценивались с применением многофакторного логистического регрессионного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Повышенные значения трансаминаз наблюдались у 28,6% пациентов с ОИМ: изолированное повышение АЛТ отмечалось у 17,8% больных, изолированная гиперферментемия АСТ – в 25% случаев. Внутрибольничная и 18-месячная смертность в исследовании составили 5,8 и 11,3% соответственно. Повышение уровня трансаминаз было связано с регистрацией подъема сегмента ST на электрокардиограмме (отношение шансов (ОШ) 1,873; 95%-й доверительный интервал (ДИ) 1,218–2,881; p = 0,004), более низким систолическим и диастолическим артериальным давлением (ОШ 0,993; 95%-й ДИ 0,986–1,0; p = 0,04 и 0,979; 95%-й ДИ 0,964–0,994; p = 0,007 соответственно), высоким классом острой сердечной недостаточности по шкале Killip (ОШ 1,510; 95%-й ДИ 1,142–1,999; p = 0,004) и повышением уровня креатинина (ОШ 1,010; 95%-й ДИ 1,003–1,016; p = 0,004). В многофакторном анализе повышение трансаминаз независимо было ассоциировано с внутрибольничной и 18-месячной смертностью (ОШ 3,607; 95%-й ДИ 1,199–10,848; p = 0,022 и 2,182; 95%-й ДИ 1,011–4,708; p = 0,047 соответственно).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Повышенный уровень трансаминаз обнаружен у трети пациентов с ОИМ. Он ассоциирован с определенными клиническими, биологическими и прогностическими особенностями, включая отрицательное прогностическое влияние на внутрибольничную и долгосрочную смертность пациентов с ОИМ.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the prevalence of elevated serum liver transaminases (LTs), including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), and their impact on in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The prospective observational study included 416 consecutive AMI patients (median age 65 years, 40.9% female, 46.9% with ST elevation) without prior liver diseases, who underwent coronary angiography within 24 hours after hospitalization. AST and ALT levels were measured upon admission. LTs were considered as abnormal when their levels exceeded the local upper limit of normal. Clinical endpoints were all-cause in-hospital and 18-month mortality. Associations between clinical endpoints and various risk factors, including LT levels, were assessed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Elevated LT levels were seen in 28.6% of AMI patients: an isolated increase in ALT was noted in 17.8% of patients, while an isolated increase in AST was registered in 25% of cases. In-hospital and 18-month mortality was 5.8 and 11.3%, respectively. Abnormal LT levels were associated with the presence of ST elevation (odds ratio (OR) 1.873, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.218–2.881, p = 0.004), lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (OR 0.993, 95% CI 0.986–1.0, p = 0.04 and 0.979, 95% CI 0.964–0.994, p = 0.007, respectively), higher Killip class (OR 1.510, 95% CI 1.142–1.999, p = 0.004), and higher creatinine level (OR 1.010, 95% CI 1.003–1.016, p = 0.004). In the multivariate analysis, elevated LT levels were independently associated with in-hospital and 18-month mortality (OR 3.607, 95% CI 1.199–10.848, p = 0.022 and 2.182, 95% CI 1.011–4.708, p = 0.047, respectively).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Elevated LT levels were present in about a third of patients with AMI. They were associated with specific clinical, biological, and prognostic features, including in-hospital and long-term mortality in AMI patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аланинтрансаминаза</kwd><kwd>аспартаттрансаминаза</kwd><kwd>внутрибольничная смертность</kwd><kwd>долгосрочная смертность</kwd><kwd>острый инфаркт миокарда</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>alanine transaminase</kwd><kwd>aspartate transaminase</kwd><kwd>in-hospital mortality</kwd><kwd>longterm mortality</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thygesen K., Alpert J.S., Jaffe A.S., Chaitman B.R., Bax J.J., Morrow D.A. et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Eur. Heart J. 2019;40(3):237–269. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy462.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thygesen K., Alpert J.S., Jaffe A.S., Chaitman B.R., Bax J.J., Morrow D.A. et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Eur. Heart J. 2019;40(3):237–269. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy462.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samsky M.D., Morrow D.A., Proudfoot A.G., Hochman J.S., Thiele H., Rao S.V. Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Myocardial Infarction A Review. JAMA. 2021;326(18):1840–1850. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.25175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samsky M.D., Morrow D.A., Proudfoot A.G., Hochman J.S., Thiele H., Rao S.V. Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Myocardial Infarction A Review. JAMA. 2021;326(18):1840–1850. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.25175.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vollmar B., Menger M.D. The hepatic microcirculation: mechanistic contributions and therapeutic targets in liver injury and repair. Physiol. Rev. 2009;89(4):1269–1339. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vollmar B., Menger M.D. The hepatic microcirculation: mechanistic contributions and therapeutic targets in liver injury and repair. Physiol. Rev. 2009;89(4):1269–1339. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalas M.A., Chavez L., Leon M., Taweesedt P.T., Surani S. Abnormal liver enzymes: A review for clinicians. World J. Hepatol. 2021;13(11):1688–1698. DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1688.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalas M.A., Chavez L., Leon M., Taweesedt P.T., Surani S. Abnormal liver enzymes: A review for clinicians. World J. Hepatol. 2021;13(11):1688–1698. DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1688.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yun K.E., Shin C.Y., Yoon Y.S., Park H.S. Elevated alanine aminotransferase levels predict mortality from cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Koreans. Atherosclerosis. 2009;205(2):533– 537. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yun K.E., Shin C.Y., Yoon Y.S., Park H.S. Elevated alanine aminotransferase levels predict mortality from cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Koreans. Atherosclerosis. 2009;205(2):533– 537. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alvarez A.M., Mukherjee D. Liver abnormalities in cardiac diseases and heart failure. Int. J. Angiol. 2011;20(3):135–142. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1284434.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alvarez A.M., Mukherjee D. Liver abnormalities in cardiac diseases and heart failure. Int. J. Angiol. 2011;20(3):135–142. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1284434.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poelzl G., Ess M., Mussner-Seeber C., Pachinger O., Frick M., Ulmer H. Liver dysfunction in chronic heart failure: Prevalence, characteristics and prognostic significance. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2012;42(2):153–163. DOI: 10.1111/j.13652362.2011.02573.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poelzl G., Ess M., Mussner-Seeber C., Pachinger O., Frick M., Ulmer H. Liver dysfunction in chronic heart failure: Prevalence, characteristics and prognostic significance. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2012;42(2):153–163. DOI: 10.1111/j.13652362.2011.02573.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee H., Shin D.W., Lee T.H., Yang H.K., Ahn E., Yoon J.M. et al. Association between change in serum aminotransferase and mortalityanationwidecohortstudyin Korea. Med.(United States). 2016;95(12):1–7. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee H., Shin D.W., Lee T.H., Yang H.K., Ahn E., Yoon J.M. et al. Association between change in serum aminotransferase and mortalityanationwidecohortstudyin Korea. Med.(United States). 2016;95(12):1–7. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutoh Y., Hachiya T., Suzuki Y., Komaki S., Ohmomo H., Kakisaka K. et al. ALDH2 genotype modulates the association between alcohol consumption and AST/ALT ratio among middle-aged Japanese men: a genome-wide G × E interaction analysis. Sci. Rep. 2020;10(1):16227. DOI: 10.1038/s41598020-73263-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutoh Y., Hachiya T., Suzuki Y., Komaki S., Ohmomo H., Kakisaka K. et al. ALDH2 genotype modulates the association between alcohol consumption and AST/ALT ratio among middle-aged Japanese men: a genome-wide G × E interaction analysis. Sci. Rep. 2020;10(1):16227. DOI: 10.1038/s41598020-73263-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thygesen K., Alpert J.S., Jaffe A.S., Simoons M.L., Chaitman B.R., White H.D. et al. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2012;126(16):2020–2035. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31826e1058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thygesen K., Alpert J.S., Jaffe A.S., Simoons M.L., Chaitman B.R., White H.D. et al. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2012;126(16):2020–2035. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31826e1058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikolaou M., Parissis J., Yilmaz M.B., Seronde M.F., Kivikko M., Laribi S. et al. Liver function abnormalities, clinical profile, and outcome in acute decompensated heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 2013;34(10):742–749. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs332.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolaou M., Parissis J., Yilmaz M.B., Seronde M.F., Kivikko M., Laribi S. et al. Liver function abnormalities, clinical profile, and outcome in acute decompensated heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 2013;34(10):742–749. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs332.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishnan A., Prichett L., Tao X., Alqahtani S.A., Hamilton J.P., Mezey E. et al. Abnormal liver chemistries as a predictor of COVID-19 severity and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. World J. Gastroenterol. 2022;28(5):570–587. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i5.570.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krishnan A., Prichett L., Tao X., Alqahtani S.A., Hamilton J.P., Mezey E. et al. Abnormal liver chemistries as a predictor of COVID-19 severity and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. World J. Gastroenterol. 2022;28(5):570–587. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i5.570.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fox K.A., Fitzgerald G., Puymirat E., Huang W., Carruthers K., Simon T. et al. Should patients with acute coronary disease be stratified for management according to their risk? Derivation, external validation and outcomes using the updated GRACE risk score. BMJ Open. 2014;4:e004425. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fox K.A., Fitzgerald G., Puymirat E., Huang W., Carruthers K., Simon T. et al. Should patients with acute coronary disease be stratified for management according to their risk? Derivation, external validation and outcomes using the updated GRACE risk score. BMJ Open. 2014;4:e004425. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao M., Cheng Y., Zheng Y., Zhang W., Wang L., Qin L. Association of serum transaminases with shortand long-term outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 2017;17(1):1–8. DOI: 10.1186/s12872017-0485-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao M., Cheng Y., Zheng Y., Zhang W., Wang L., Qin L. Association of serum transaminases with shortand long-term outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 2017;17(1):1–8. DOI: 10.1186/s12872017-0485-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moon J., Kang W., Oh P.C., Seo S.Y., Lee K., Han S.H. et al. Serum transaminase determined in the emergency room predicts outcomes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Int. J. Cardiol. 2014;177(2):442–447. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moon J., Kang W., Oh P.C., Seo S.Y., Lee K., Han S.H. et al. Serum transaminase determined in the emergency room predicts outcomes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Int. J. Cardiol. 2014;177(2):442–447. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oh P.C., Eom Y.S., Moon J., Jang H.J., Kim T.H., Suh J. et al. Prognostic impact of the combination of serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase determined in the emergency room in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):1–13. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oh P.C., Eom Y.S., Moon J., Jang H.J., Kim T.H., Suh J. et al. Prognostic impact of the combination of serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase determined in the emergency room in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):1–13. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233286.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birrer R., Takuda Y., Takara T. Hypoxic hepatopathy: pathophysiology and prognosis. Intern. Med. 2007;46(14):1063– 1070. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birrer R., Takuda Y., Takara T. Hypoxic hepatopathy: pathophysiology and prognosis. Intern. Med. 2007;46(14):1063– 1070. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ronco C., Haapio M., House A.A., Anavekar N., Bellomo R. Cardiorenalsyndrome. J. Am. Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(19):1527– 1539. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.07.051.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ronco C., Haapio M., House A.A., Anavekar N., Bellomo R. Cardiorenalsyndrome. J. Am. Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(19):1527– 1539. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.07.051.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li J., Zhao Z., Jiang H., Jiang M., Yu G., Li X. Predictive value of elevated alanine aminotransferase for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 2021;21(1):1–9. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01903-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li J., Zhao Z., Jiang H., Jiang M., Yu G., Li X. Predictive value of elevated alanine aminotransferase for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 2021;21(1):1–9. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01903-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huseynov A., Baumann S., Becher T., Koepp J., Lang S., Jabbour C. et al. Liver and cholestatic parameters as prognostic biomarkers of in-hospital MACE in patients with STEMI. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2016;46(8):721–729. DOI: 10.1111/eci.12655.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huseynov A., Baumann S., Becher T., Koepp J., Lang S., Jabbour C. et al. Liver and cholestatic parameters as prognostic biomarkers of in-hospital MACE in patients with STEMI. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2016;46(8):721–729. DOI: 10.1111/eci.12655.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J.G., Chang K., Choo E.H., Lee J.M., Seung K.B. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase is a predictor of mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Med. (United States). 2018;97(29). DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011393.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J.G., Chang K., Choo E.H., Lee J.M., Seung K.B. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase is a predictor of mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Med. (United States). 2018;97(29). DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xanthopoulos A., Starling R.C., Kitai T., Triposkiadis F. Heart failure and liver disease: cardiohepatic interactions. JACC Hear Fail. 2019;7(2):87–97. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2018.10.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xanthopoulos A., Starling R.C., Kitai T., Triposkiadis F. Heart failure and liver disease: cardiohepatic interactions. JACC Hear Fail. 2019;7(2):87–97. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2018.10.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ndrepepa G. Aspartate aminotransferase and cardiovascular disease – A narrative review. J. Lab. Precis. Med. 2021;6(6):1–17. DOI: 10.21037/jlpm-20-93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ndrepepa G. Aspartate aminotransferase and cardiovascular disease – A narrative review. J. Lab. Precis. Med. 2021;6(6):1–17. DOI: 10.21037/jlpm-20-93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kunutsor S.K., Apekey T.A., Seddoh D., Walley J. Liver enzymes and risk of all-cause mortality in general populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2014;43(1):187–201. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kunutsor S.K., Apekey T.A., Seddoh D., Walley J. Liver enzymes and risk of all-cause mortality in general populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2014;43(1):187–201. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masoudkabir F., Karbalai S., Vasheghani-Farahani A., Aliabadi L.L., Boroumand M.A., Aiatollahzade-Esfahani F. et al. The association of liver transaminase activity with presence and severity of premature coronary artery disease. Angiology. 2011;62(8):614–619. DOI: 10.1177/0003319711405312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masoudkabir F., Karbalai S., Vasheghani-Farahani A., Aliabadi L.L., Boroumand M.A., Aiatollahzade-Esfahani F. et al. The association of liver transaminase activity with presence and severity of premature coronary artery disease. Angiology. 2011;62(8):614–619. DOI: 10.1177/0003319711405312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Çaʇli K., Başar F.N., Tok D., Turak O., Başar Ö. How to interpret liver function tests in heart failure patients? Turkish J. Gastroenterol. 2015;26(3):197–203. DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2015.0086.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Çaʇli K., Başar F.N., Tok D., Turak O., Başar Ö. How to interpret liver function tests in heart failure patients? Turkish J. Gastroenterol. 2015;26(3):197–203. DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2015.0086.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Møller S., Bernardi M. Interactions of the heart and the liver. Eur. Heart J. 2013;34(36):2804–2811. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Møller S., Bernardi M. Interactions of the heart and the liver. Eur. Heart J. 2013;34(36):2804–2811. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavoliuniene A., Vaitiekiene A., Cesnaite G. Congestive hepatopathy and hypoxic hepatitis in heart failure: A cardiologist’s point of view. Int. J. Cardiol. 2013;166(3):554–558. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavoliuniene A., Vaitiekiene A., Cesnaite G. Congestive hepatopathy and hypoxic hepatitis in heart failure: A cardiologist’s point of view. Int. J. Cardiol. 2013;166(3):554–558. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salisbury A.C., Amin A.P., Reid K.J., Wang T.Y., Masoudi F.A., Chan P.S. et al. Hospital-acquired anemia and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am. Heart J. 2011;162(2):300–309.e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.05.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salisbury A.C., Amin A.P., Reid K.J., Wang T.Y., Masoudi F.A., Chan P.S. et al. Hospital-acquired anemia and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am. Heart J. 2011;162(2):300–309.e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.05.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">González-Ferrer J.J., García-Rubira J.C., Balcones D.V., Gil I.N., Barrio R.C., Fuentes-Ferrer M. et al. Influence of hemoglobin level on in-hospital prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Rev. Esp. Cardiol. 2008;61(9):945–952. DOI: 10.1157/13125516.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">González-Ferrer J.J., García-Rubira J.C., Balcones D.V., Gil I.N., Barrio R.C., Fuentes-Ferrer M. et al. Influence of hemoglobin level on in-hospital prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Rev. Esp. Cardiol. 2008;61(9):945–952. DOI: 10.1157/13125516.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Younge J.O., Nauta S.T., Akkerhuis K.M., Deckers J.W., Van Domburg R.T. Effect of anemia on shortand long-term outcome in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndromes. Am. J. Cardiol. 2012;109(4):506–510. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.09.046.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Younge J.O., Nauta S.T., Akkerhuis K.M., Deckers J.W., Van Domburg R.T. Effect of anemia on shortand long-term outcome in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndromes. Am. J. Cardiol. 2012;109(4):506–510. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.09.046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steg P.G., Dabbous O.H., Feldman L.J., Cohen-Solal A., Aumont M.C., López-Sendón J. et al. Determinants and Prognostic Impact of Heart Failure Complicating Acute Coronary Syndromes: Observations from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Circulation. 2004;109(4):494– 499. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000109691.16944.DA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steg P.G., Dabbous O.H., Feldman L.J., Cohen-Solal A., Aumont M.C., López-Sendón J. et al. Determinants and Prognostic Impact of Heart Failure Complicating Acute Coronary Syndromes: Observations from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Circulation. 2004;109(4):494– 499. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000109691.16944.DA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Halkin A., Singh M., Nikolsky E., Grines C.L, Tcheng J.E., Garcia E. et al. Prediction of mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: The CADILLAC risk score. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2005;45(9):1397–1405. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halkin A., Singh M., Nikolsky E., Grines C.L, Tcheng J.E., Garcia E. et al. Prediction of mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: The CADILLAC risk score. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2005;45(9):1397–1405. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ndrepepa G. De Ritis ratio and cardiovascular disease: evidence and underlying mechanisms. J. Lab. Precis. Med. 2023;8(6):1–24. DOI: 10.21037/JLPM-22-68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ndrepepa G. De Ritis ratio and cardiovascular disease: evidence and underlying mechanisms. J. Lab. Precis. Med. 2023;8(6):1–24. DOI: 10.21037/JLPM-22-68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schupp T., Rusnak J., Weidner K., Ruka M., Egner-Walter S., Dudda J. et al. Prognostic Value of the AST/ALT Ratio versus Bilirubin in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock. J. Clin. Med. 2023;12(16):5275. DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schupp T., Rusnak J., Weidner K., Ruka M., Egner-Walter S., Dudda J. et al. Prognostic Value of the AST/ALT Ratio versus Bilirubin in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock. J. Clin. Med. 2023;12(16):5275. DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bassand J.P., Afzal R., Eikelboom J., Wallentin L., Peters R., Budaj A. et al. Relationship between baseline haemoglobin and major bleeding complications in acute coronary syndromes. Eur. Heart J. 2010;31(1):50–58. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bassand J.P., Afzal R., Eikelboom J., Wallentin L., Peters R., Budaj A. et al. Relationship between baseline haemoglobin and major bleeding complications in acute coronary syndromes. Eur. Heart J. 2010;31(1):50–58. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vicente-Ibarra N., Marín F., Pernías-Escrig V., SandínRollán M., Núñez-Martínez L., Lozano T. et al. Impact of anemia as risk factor for major bleeding and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2019;61(May):48–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.12.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vicente-Ibarra N., Marín F., Pernías-Escrig V., SandínRollán M., Núñez-Martínez L., Lozano T. et al. Impact of anemia as risk factor for major bleeding and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2019;61(May):48–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.12.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh M., Reeder G.S., Jacobsen S.J., Weston S., Killian J., Roger V.L. Scores for post-myocardial infarction risk stratification in the community. Circulation. 2002;106(18):2309– 2314. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000036598.12888.DE.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh M., Reeder G.S., Jacobsen S.J., Weston S., Killian J., Roger V.L. Scores for post-myocardial infarction risk stratification in the community. Circulation. 2002;106(18):2309– 2314. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000036598.12888.DE.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khot U.N., Jia G., Moliterno D.J., Lincoff A.M., Khot M.B., Harrington R.A. et al. Prognostic importance of physical examination for heart failure in non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2003;290(16):2174–2181.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khot U.N., Jia G., Moliterno D.J., Lincoff A.M., Khot M.B., Harrington R.A. et al. Prognostic importance of physical examination for heart failure in non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2003;290(16):2174–2181.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darden D.B., Moore F.A., Brakenridge S.C., Navarro E.B., Anton S.D., Leeuwenburgh C. et al. The effect of aging physiology on critical care. Crit. Care Clin. 2021;37(1):135–150. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.08.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darden D.B., Moore F.A., Brakenridge S.C., Navarro E.B., Anton S.D., Leeuwenburgh C. et al. The effect of aging physiology on critical care. Crit. Care Clin. 2021;37(1):135–150. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.08.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
