<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2024-4-64-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-5871</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Предикторы летального исхода у госпитализированных пациентов с COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8099-3870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малиновский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malinovskiy</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малиновский Владислав Александрович – аспирант, кафедра общей врачебной практики и поликлинической терапии, врач-терапевт, </p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, 634050, Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladislav-9509@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-3300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федосенко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedosenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федосенко Сергей Вячеславович – д-р мед. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры общей врачебной практики и поликлинической терапии, </p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, 634050, Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s-fedosenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4723-1494</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семакин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semakin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семакин Алексей Владимирович – аспирант, кафедра общей врачебной практики и поликлинической терапии, </p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, 634050, Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drsemakinav@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5560-0016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Диркс</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dirks</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Диркс Иван Иванович – студент, медико-биологический факультет, </p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, 634050, Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.dirks@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-9803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аржаник</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arzhanik</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аржаник Марина Борисовна – канд. пед. наук, доцент кафедры медицинской и биологической кибернетики, </p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, 634050, Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arzh_m@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-5020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенова Оксана Леонидовна – ст. преподаватель, кафедра медицинской и биологической кибернетики, </p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, 634050, Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oksleon@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8422-8349</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Винокурова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinokurova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Винокурова Дарья Александровна – зав. терапевтической клиникой, ассистент, кафедра факультетской терапии с курсом клинической фармакологии, </p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, 634050, Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vinokurovadarial@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4281-1157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старовойтова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starovoitova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старовойтова Елена Александровна – д-р мед. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой общей врачебной практики и поликлинической терапии, </p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, 634050, Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena-starovoytova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5619-5473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агаева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agaeva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агаева София Александровна – студент, педиатрический факультет, лаборант-исследователь, кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней с курсом терапии педиатрического факультета, </p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, 634050, Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agaeva.sofiyaa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2098-2964</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестерович</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesterovich</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нестерович Софья Владимировна – канд. мед. наук, гл. врач клиник, </p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, 634050, Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nesterovich.sv@ssmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9640-2028</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калюжин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalyuzhin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калюжин Вадим Витальевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой госпитальной терапии с курсом реабилитации, физиотерапии и спортивной медицины, </p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Moscow Trakt, 634050, Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kalyuzhinvv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный медицинский университет (СибГМУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малиновский В.А., Федосенко С.В., Семакин А.В., Диркс И.И., Аржаник М.Б., Семенова О.Л., Винокурова Д.А., Старовойтова Е.А., Агаева С.А., Нестерович С.В., Калюжин В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малиновский В.А., Федосенко С.В., Семакин А.В., Диркс И.И., Аржаник М.Б., Семенова О.Л., Винокурова Д.А., Старовойтова Е.А., Агаева С.А., Нестерович С.В., Калюжин В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malinovskiy V.A., Fedosenko S.V., Semakin A.V., Dirks I.I., Arzhanik M.B., Semenova O.L., Vinokurova D.A., Starovoitova E.A., Agaeva S.A., Nesterovich S.V., Kalyuzhin V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5871">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5871</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Установить клинико-лабораторные факторы, ассоциированные с тяжелым течением и летальностью у госпитализированных пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией (COVID-19).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное сравнительное исследование по данным 745 взрослых пациентов, госпитализированных с COVID-19 с 16.05.2020 по 30.09.2020 (Томск, Россия). Выполнено межгрупповое сравнение показателей, ROC-анализ, определение отношения шансов для оценки связи между факторами риска и исходом.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. С летальным исходом (ЛИ) ассоциированы возраст старше 62 лет, пневмония в течение года до COVID-19, наличие ≥3 сопутствующих патологий. Негативные предикторы исхода на момент госпитализации: одышка, диастолическое давление ≤80 и пульсовое давление более 48 мм рт. ст., SpO2 менее 94% (и (или) снижение за госпитализацию до ≤89%). Лабораторные предикторы ЛИ при госпитализации: тромбоциты ≤ 183 × 109 /л, нейтрофилы более 4,57 × 109 /л, лимфоциты ≤1,08 × 109 /л, нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарное отношение более 4,8, аспартатаминотрансфераза более 39 ЕД/л, мочевина более 6,75 ммоль/л, лактатдегидрогеназа более 219 ЕД/л, альбумин крови ≤38 г/л, С-реактивный белок (СРБ) более 47 мг/л. При достижении пороговых значений в любой из периодов госпитализации с ЛИ ассоциировались: уровень СРБ в крови более 38 мг/л, ферритина более 648,6 мкг/л, D-димера более 731,11 нг/мл, лейкоцитов более 14,27 × 109 /л, лимфоцитов ≤0,73 × 109 /л, продолжительность оксигенотерапии более 3 сут, необходимость неинвазивной и инвазивной вентиляции легких ≥1 сут, потребность назначения глюкокортикостероидов более 1 сут, достижение общей курсовой дозы более 6 г по дексаметазону.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявлены факторы, ассоциированные с ЛИ у госпитализированных пациентов с COVID-19.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To determine clinical and laboratory factors associated with a severe course and lethality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retrospective comparative study included data of 745 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from 16.05.2020 to 30.09.2020 (Tomsk, Russia). The intergroup comparison of indices, ROC analysis, and determination of odds ratio to assess the association between risk factors and the outcome were performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Age &gt; 62 years, pneumonia within a year before COVID-19, and the presence of ≥3 comorbidities were associated with a fatal outcome (FO). Negative predictors of the outcome at the time of hospitalization included dyspnea, diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80 and pulse pressure &gt; 48 mmHg, SpO2 &lt; 94% (and/or a decrease to ≤ 89% throughout hospitalization). Laboratory predictors of FO at admission were platelets ≤ 183 × 109 / l, neutrophils &gt; 4.57 × 109 / l, lymphocytes ≤ 1.08 × 109 / l, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio &gt; 4.8, aspartate aminotransferase &gt; 39 U / l, urea &gt; 6.75 mmol / l, lactate dehydrogenase &gt; 219 U / l, blood albumin ≤ 38 g / l, C-reactive protein (CRP) &gt; 47 mg / l. When threshold values were reached during any of the hospitalization periods, FO was associated with CRP &gt; 38 mg / l, ferritin &gt; 648.6 µg / l, D-dimer &gt; 731.11 ng / ml, white blood cells &gt; 14.27 × 109 / l, lymphocytes ≤ 0.73× 109 / l, duration of oxygen therapy &gt; 3 days, need for non-invasive and invasive ventilation ≥ 1 day, need for glucocorticoid administration &gt; 1 day, reaching a total course dose &gt; 6 mg for dexamethasone.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The factors associated with FO in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were identified.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>предикторы тяжелого течения</kwd><kwd>предикторы летального исхода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>novel coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>predictors of severe disease</kwd><kwd>predictors of mortality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang H., Paulson K.R., Pease S.A., Watson S., Comfort H., Zheng P. et al. Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21. The Lancet. 2022;399(10334):1513–1536. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang H., Paulson K.R., Pease S.A., Watson S., Comfort H., Zheng P. et al. Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21. The Lancet. 2022;399(10334):1513–1536. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., Fan G., Liu Y., Liu Z. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054–1062. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., Fan G., Liu Y., Liu Z. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054–1062. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kubiliute I., Vitkauskaite M., Urboniene J., Svetikas L., Zablockiene B., Jancoriene L. Clinical characteristics and predictors for in-hospital mortality in adult COVID-19 patients: A retrospective single center cohort study in Vilnius, Lithuania. PLoS One. 2023;18(8):e0290656. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290656.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubiliute I., Vitkauskaite M., Urboniene J., Svetikas L., Zablockiene B., Jancoriene L. Clinical characteristics and predictors for in-hospital mortality in adult COVID-19 patients: A retrospective single center cohort study in Vilnius, Lithuania. PLoS One. 2023;18(8):e0290656. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290656.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartleson J.M., Radenkovic D., Covarrubias A.J., Furman D., Winer D.A., Verdin E. SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the Ageing Immune System. Nat. Aging. 2021;1(9):769-782. DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00114-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartleson J.M., Radenkovic D., Covarrubias A.J., Furman D., Winer D.A., Verdin E. SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the Ageing Immune System. Nat. Aging. 2021;1(9):769-782. DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00114-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jain A.C., Kansal S., Sardana R., Bali R.K., Kar S., Chawla R. A retrospective observational study to determine the early predictors of in-hospital mortality at admission with COVID-19. Indian J. Crit. Care Med. 2020;24(12):1174–1179. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23683.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jain A.C., Kansal S., Sardana R., Bali R.K., Kar S., Chawla R. A retrospective observational study to determine the early predictors of in-hospital mortality at admission with COVID-19. Indian J. Crit. Care Med. 2020;24(12):1174–1179. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23683.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Başaran N.Ç., Özdede M., Uyaroğlu O.A., Şahin T.K., Özcan B., Oral H. et al. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality and the need for intensive care in hospitalized non-critical COVID-19 patients: a prospective cohort study. Intern. Emerg. Med. 2022;17(5):1413–1424. DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-02962-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Başaran N.Ç., Özdede M., Uyaroğlu O.A., Şahin T.K., Özcan B., Oral H. et al. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality and the need for intensive care in hospitalized non-critical COVID-19 patients: a prospective cohort study. Intern. Emerg. Med. 2022;17(5):1413–1424. DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-02962-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi S., Liu X., Xiao J., Wang H., Chen L., Li J. et al. Prediction of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 2021;35(1):e23598. DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23598.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi S., Liu X., Xiao J., Wang H., Chen L., Li J. et al. Prediction of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 2021;35(1):e23598. DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23598.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bastug A., Bodur H., Erdogan S., Gokcinar D., Kazancioglu S., Kosovali B.D. et al. Clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19: Predictors of severe prognosis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2020;88:106950. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106950.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bastug A., Bodur H., Erdogan S., Gokcinar D., Kazancioglu S., Kosovali B.D. et al. Clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19: Predictors of severe prognosis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2020;88:106950. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106950.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корхмазов В.Т., Алексеенко С.Н., Перхов В.И. Половозрастная структура смертности от COVID-19. Инновационная медицина Кубани. 2022;4(28):39–46. DOI: 10.35401/2541-9897-2022-25-4-39-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Корхмазов В.Т., Алексеенко С.Н., Перхов В.И. Половозрастная структура смертности от COVID-19. Инновационная медицина Кубани. 2022;4(28):39–46. DOI: 10.35401/2541-9897-2022-25-4-39-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raimondi F., Novelli L., Ghirardi A., Russo F.M., Pellegrini D. et al. Covid-19 and gender: lower rate but same mortality of severe disease in women-an observational study. BMC Pulm. Med. 2021;21(1):96. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01455-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raimondi F., Novelli L., Ghirardi A., Russo F.M., Pellegrini D. et al. Covid-19 and gender: lower rate but same mortality of severe disease in women-an observational study. BMC Pulm. Med. 2021;21(1):96. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01455-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quinton L.J., Walkey A.J., Mizgerd J.P. Integrative physiology of pneumonia. Physiol. Rev. 2018;98(3):1417–1464. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quinton L.J., Walkey A.J., Mizgerd J.P. Integrative physiology of pneumonia. Physiol. Rev. 2018;98(3):1417–1464. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арутюнов Г.П., Тарловская Е.И., Арутюнов А.Г., Беленков Ю.Н., Конради А.О., Лопатин Ю.М. и др. Международный регистр «Анализ динамики коморбидных заболеваний у пациентов, перенесших инфицирование SARS-CoV-2» (АКТИВ SARS-CoV-2): анализ предикторов неблагоприятных исходов острой стадии новой коронавирусной инфекции. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2021;26(4):116–131. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4470.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Арутюнов Г.П., Тарловская Е.И., Арутюнов А.Г., Беленков Ю.Н., Конради А.О., Лопатин Ю.М. и др. Международный регистр «Анализ динамики коморбидных заболеваний у пациентов, перенесших инфицирование SARS-CoV-2» (АКТИВ SARS-CoV-2): анализ предикторов неблагоприятных исходов острой стадии новой коронавирусной инфекции. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2021;26(4):116–131. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4470.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williamson E.J., Walker A.J., Bhaskaran K., Bacon S., Bates C. et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature. 2020;584(7821):430–436. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williamson E.J., Walker A.J., Bhaskaran K., Bacon S., Bates C. et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature. 2020;584(7821):430–436. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu K., Li B., Bae S., Kim S.R., Kim M.N., Shim W.J. et al. Impact of cardiovascular disease and risk factors on fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19 according to age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2021;107(5):373–380. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317901.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu K., Li B., Bae S., Kim S.R., Kim M.N., Shim W.J. et al. Impact of cardiovascular disease and risk factors on fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19 according to age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2021;107(5):373–380. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317901.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J., Wang Z., Wang X., Hu Z., Yang C., Lei P. Risk Factors for Mortality of COVID-19 Patient Based on Clinical Course: A Single Center Retrospective Case-Control Study. Front Immunol. 2021;12:581469. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.581469.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J., Wang Z., Wang X., Hu Z., Yang C., Lei P. Risk Factors for Mortality of COVID-19 Patient Based on Clinical Course: A Single Center Retrospective Case-Control Study. Front Immunol. 2021;12:581469. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.581469.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao Y., Wu D., Shi X., Liu S., Hu X., Zhou C., Tian X. et al. High Child-Pugh and CRUB65 scores predict mortality of decompensated cirrhosis patients with COVID-19: A 23-center, retrospective study. Virulence. 2021;12(1):1199–1208. DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1909894.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao Y., Wu D., Shi X., Liu S., Hu X., Zhou C., Tian X. et al. High Child-Pugh and CRUB65 scores predict mortality of decompensated cirrhosis patients with COVID-19: A 23-center, retrospective study. Virulence. 2021;12(1):1199–1208. DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1909894.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berenguer J., Borobia A.M., Ryan P., Rodríguez-Baño J., Bellón J.M., Jarrín I. et al. Development and validation of a prediction model for 30-day mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: the COVID-19 SEIMC score. Thorax. 2021;76(9):920–929. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berenguer J., Borobia A.M., Ryan P., Rodríguez-Baño J., Bellón J.M., Jarrín I. et al. Development and validation of a prediction model for 30-day mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: the COVID-19 SEIMC score. Thorax. 2021;76(9):920–929. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho S.I., Yoon S., Lee H.J. Impact of comorbidity burden on mortality in patients with COVID-19 using the Korean health insurance database. Sci. Rep. 2021;11(1):6375. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85813-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho S.I., Yoon S., Lee H.J. Impact of comorbidity burden on mortality in patients with COVID-19 using the Korean health insurance database. Sci. Rep. 2021;11(1):6375. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85813-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жанибеков Ж.Ж., Чухляев П.В., Хавкина Д.А., Ахмедова М.Д., Руженцова Т.А. Значение амбулаторной этиотропной терапии у пациентов, госпитализированных с COVID-19. Журнал инфектологии. 2023;15(1):48–54. DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-1-48-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Жанибеков Ж.Ж., Чухляев П.В., Хавкина Д.А., Ахмедова М.Д., Руженцова Т.А. Значение амбулаторной этиотропной терапии у пациентов, госпитализированных с COVID-19. Журнал инфектологии. 2023;15(1):48–54. DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-1-48-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ленева И.А., Пшеничная Н.Ю., Булгакова В.А. Умифеновир и коронавирусные инфекции: обзор результатов исследований и опыта применения в клинической практике. Терапевтический архив. 2020;92(11):91–97. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.11.000713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ленева И.А., Пшеничная Н.Ю., Булгакова В.А. Умифеновир и коронавирусные инфекции: обзор результатов исследований и опыта применения в клинической практике. Терапевтический архив. 2020;92(11):91–97. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.11.000713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talavera B., García-Azorín D., Martínez-Pías E., Trigo J., Hernandez-Perez I., Valle-Penacoba G. et al. Anosmia is associated with lower in-hospital mortality in COVID. J. Neurol. Sci. 2020;419:117163. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117163.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talavera B., García-Azorín D., Martínez-Pías E., Trigo J., Hernandez-Perez I., Valle-Penacoba G. et al. Anosmia is associated with lower in-hospital mortality in COVID. J. Neurol. Sci. 2020;419:117163. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117163.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yadaw A.S., Li Y.C., Bose S., Iyengar R., Bunyavanich S., Pandey G. Clinical features of COVID-19 mortality: development and validation of a clinical prediction model. Lancet Digit Health. 2020;2(10):516–525. DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30217-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yadaw A.S., Li Y.C., Bose S., Iyengar R., Bunyavanich S., Pandey G. Clinical features of COVID-19 mortality: development and validation of a clinical prediction model. Lancet Digit Health. 2020;2(10):516–525. DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30217-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng B., Hu J., Zuo X., Chen J., Li X., Chen Y. et al. Predictors of progression from moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2020;26(10):1400–1405. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng B., Hu J., Zuo X., Chen J., Li X., Chen Y. et al. Predictors of progression from moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2020;26(10):1400–1405. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghobadi H., Moham madshahi J., Javaheri N., Fouladi N., Mirzazadeh Y., Aslani M.R. Role of leukocytes and systemic inflammation indexes (NLR, PLR, MLP, dNLR, NLPR, AISI, SIR-I, and SII) on admission predicts in-hospital mortality in non-elderly and elderly COVID-19 patients. Front. Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:916453. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916453.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghobadi H., Moham madshahi J., Javaheri N., Fouladi N., Mirzazadeh Y., Aslani M.R. Role of leukocytes and systemic inflammation indexes (NLR, PLR, MLP, dNLR, NLPR, AISI, SIR-I, and SII) on admission predicts in-hospital mortality in non-elderly and elderly COVID-19 patients. Front. Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:916453. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916453.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duan J., Wang X., Chi J., Chen H., Bai L., Hu Q. et al. Correlation between the variables collected at admission and progression to severe cases during hospitalization among patients with COVID-19 in Chongqing. J. Med. Virol. 2020;92(11):2616–2622. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26082.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duan J., Wang X., Chi J., Chen H., Bai L., Hu Q. et al. Correlation between the variables collected at admission and progression to severe cases during hospitalization among patients with COVID-19 in Chongqing. J. Med. Virol. 2020;92(11):2616–2622. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26082.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohammadi Z., Faghih D.M., Vahed N., Ebrahimi B.H., Rahmani F. Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of COVID-19-Related In-hospital Mortality; a Cross-sectional Study of 1000 Cases. Arch. Acad. Emerg. Med. 2022;10(1):49. DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v10i1.1574.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohammadi Z., Faghih D.M., Vahed N., Ebrahimi B.H., Rahmani F. Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of COVID-19-Related In-hospital Mortality; a Cross-sectional Study of 1000 Cases. Arch. Acad. Emerg. Med. 2022;10(1):49. DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v10i1.1574.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pitamberwale A., Mahmood T., Ansari A.K., Ansari S.A., Limgaokar K., Singh L. et al. Biochemical parameters as prognostic markers in severely Ill COVID-19 patients. Cureus. 2022;14(8):28594. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28594.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pitamberwale A., Mahmood T., Ansari A.K., Ansari S.A., Limgaokar K., Singh L. et al. Biochemical parameters as prognostic markers in severely Ill COVID-19 patients. Cureus. 2022;14(8):28594. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28594.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poggiali E., Zaino D., Immovilli P., Rovero L., Losi G., Dacrema A. et al. Lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein as predictors of respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2020;509:135–138. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poggiali E., Zaino D., Immovilli P., Rovero L., Losi G., Dacrema A. et al. Lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein as predictors of respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2020;509:135–138. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomazini B.M., Maia I.S., Cavalcanti A.B., Berwanger O., Rosa R.G., Veiga V.C. et al. Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients With Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;324(13):1307–1316. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.17021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomazini B.M., Maia I.S., Cavalcanti A.B., Berwanger O., Rosa R.G., Veiga V.C. et al. Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients With Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;324(13):1307–1316. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.17021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Городин В.Н., Мойсова Д.Л., Пронин М.Г., Зотов С.В., Михайлюк Э.И., Тихоненко Ю.В. Предикторы неблагоприятного исхода у больных на ИВЛ при тяжелых формах пандемичных вирусных инфекций (грипп АН1N1pdm09, COVID-19). Инфекционные болезни. 2022;20(4):25–33. DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-4-25-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Городин В.Н., Мойсова Д.Л., Пронин М.Г., Зотов С.В., Михайлюк Э.И., Тихоненко Ю.В. Предикторы неблагоприятного исхода у больных на ИВЛ при тяжелых формах пандемичных вирусных инфекций (грипп АН1N1pdm09, COVID-19). Инфекционные болезни. 2022;20(4):25–33. DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2022-4-25-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
