ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2016-2-112-126ssmu-588Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESМАЛЫЕ НЕКОДИРУЮЩИЕ РНК КАК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ БИОМАРКЕРЫ: БИОГЕНЕЗ И ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКИЕ СТРАТЕГИИSMALL NONCODING RNA AS PERSPECTIVE BIOMARKERS: BIOGENESIS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATIGIESТигунцевВ. В.TiguntsevV. V.

Тигунцев Владимир Владимирович  – студент 6-го курса медико-биологического факультета СибГМУ, лаборант-исследователь лаборатории молекулярной генетики и биохимии НИИ психического здоровья 

cristall2009@live.ruИвановаС. А.IvanovaS. A.

Иванова Светлана Александровна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая лабораторией молекулярной генетики и биохимии

СеребровВ. Ю.SerebrovV. Yu.

Серебров Владимир Юрьевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики

БухареваМ. Б.BuharevaM. B.

Бухарева Марина Борисовна – магистрант

Сибирский государственный медицинский университет, Томск; НИИ психического здоровья, ТомскРоссияSiberian State Medical University, Tomsk; Mental Health Research Institute, TomskRussian FederationНИИ психического здоровья, ТомскРоссияMental Health Research Institute, TomskRussian FederationСибирский государственный медицинский университет, Томск; Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет, ТомскРоссияSiberian State Medical University, TomskRussian FederationНациональный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет, ТомскРоссияNational Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, TomskRussian Federation201602062016152112126Copyright © Тигунцев В.В., Иванова С.А., Серебров В.Ю., Бухарева М.Б., 20162016Тигунцев В.В., Иванова С.А., Серебров В.Ю., Бухарева М.Б.Tiguntsev V.V., Ivanova S.A., Serebrov V.Y., Buhareva M.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/588

В данном обзоре рассмотрены история открытия, биогенез и функционирование основных групп малых некодирующих РНК у человека: микроРНК и коротких интерферирующих РНК; отмечены их сходства и различия. Обозначенные молекулы РНК ингибируют экспрессию генов на уровне трансляции посредством РНК-интерференции. МикроРНК и короткие интерферирующие РНК, как было обнаружено, циркулируют во многих биологических жидкостях и могут служить биомаркерами различных заболеваний у человека благодаря своей консервативной последовательности, тканеспецифичности, устойчивости к факторам внешней среды. Рассмотрены применяемые методические подходы изучения искомых молекул. Эти подходы можно разделить на клонирование, биоинформатический анализ и методы гибридизации (нозерн-блот, RTPCR, гибридизация in situ, анализ на микрочипах, репортерный анализ). Возможное нацеленное на микроРНК и короткие интерферирующие РНК терапевтическое вмешательство предполагает доставку в целевую ткань микроРНК, анти-микроРНК, антагомиров, микроРНК-губок либо имитаторов микроРНК посредством вирусных молекул, липосом или наночастиц. 

The review presents the opening story, biogenesis and functions of basic groups of human’s small noncoding RNA: microRNA and short interfering RNA. These RNA molecules inhibit gene expression during translation by RNA interference. It was found that microRNA and short interfering RNA circulate in bioliquids and can serve as biomarkers of different human diseases because of its conservative sequences, tissue specificity and resistance to environment factors. The paper considers techniques to study noncoding RNA (cloning, bioinformatics analysis and hybridization methods: northern-blotting, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, microarray analysis, reporter analysis). Possible noncoding RNA-targeted therapy can suggest delivery microRNA, anti-microRNA, antagomirs, microRNAsponges to target tissue by virus molecules, liposomes or nanoparticles. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.