ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2024-4-197-204ssmu-5887Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESЗначение биоразнообразия микробиоты человека и окружающей среды в подверженности развитию бронхиальной астмы у детейThe importance of biodiversity of human microbiota and environment in the susceptibility to the development of bronchial asthma in childrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-0733СоколоваТ. С.SokolovaT. S.

Соколова Татьяна Сергеевна – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры факультетской педиатрии с курсом детских болезней лечебного факультета, 

634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2

2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050

sokolova.ts@ssmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-3398МальчукВ. Н.MalchukV. N.

Мальчук Виктория Николаевна – аспирант, кафедра факультетской педиатрии с курсом детских болезней лечебного факультета, 

634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2

2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050

malchuk.viktoriya@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-4735-9099НогайА. А.NogaiA. A.

Ногай Анита Аркадьевна – студентка 6-го курса, педиатрический факультет, 

634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2

2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050

anita_2000vip@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7130-9609ФедороваО. С.FedorovaO. S.

Федорова Ольга Сергеевна – д-р мед. наук, зав. кафедрой факультетской педиатрии с курсом детских болезней лечебного факультета, 

634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2

2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050

olga.sergeevna.fedorova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2962-1076ОгородоваЛ. М.OgorodovaL. M.

Огородова Людмила Михайловна – д-р мед. наук, член-корр. РАН, профессор кафедры факультетской педиатрии с курсом детских болезней лечебного факультета, 

634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2

2, Moscow Trakt, Tomsk, 634050

kaf.fak.ped@ssmu.ruСибирский государственный медицинский университет (СибГМУ)РоссияSiberian State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202428012025234197204Copyright © Соколова Т.С., Мальчук В.Н., Ногай А.А., Федорова О.С., Огородова Л.М., 20252025Соколова Т.С., Мальчук В.Н., Ногай А.А., Федорова О.С., Огородова Л.М.Sokolova T.S., Malchuk V.N., Nogai A.A., Fedorova O.S., Ogorodova L.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5887

Бронхиальная астма (БА) остается одним из наиболее распространенных хронических заболеваний дыхательных путей в детском возрасте. Развитие БА реализуется при сочетании генетической предрасположенности и воздействия факторов внешней среды. Эпидемиологические данные, касающиеся развития БА, подчеркивают важность воздействия микробиоты в раннем возрасте в формировании иммунных реакций и подверженности развитию БА. В последние годы накоплено достаточно данных, позволяющих предположить, что дисбаланс микробиоты кишечника и дыхательных путей в раннем возрасте может предрасполагать ребенка к развитию астмы. В свою очередь, биоразнообразие окружающей среды оказывает влияние на колонизацию микроорганизмами различных биотопов организма человека. Исследование механизмов взаимодействия микробиотических сообществ окружающей среды и человека откроет перспективу для разработки новых стратегий профилактики астмы. Цель настоящего обзора – провести анализ современных исследований, направленных на оценку значения биоразнообразия микробиоты человека и окружающей среды в подверженности развитию бронхиальной астмы у детей.

Bronchial asthma (BA) remains one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in childhood. BA develops with a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Epidemiological data on the development of BA emphasize the role of early-life microbiota in the formation of immune responses and susceptibility to the development of BA. In recent years, enough data has been accumulated to suggest that an imbalance in intestinal and airway microbiota during early life may predispose a child to the development of BA. In turn, the biodiversity of the environment influences the colonization of various biotopes in the human body by microorganisms. The study of the mechanisms of interaction between microbiota communities of the environment and humans will pave the way for the development of new strategies for the prevention of BA.

The aim of this review was to analyze current research aimed at assessing the importance of biodiversity of human microbiota and environment in the susceptibility to the development of BA in children.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.