ssmuБюллетень сибирской медициныBulletin of Siberian Medicine1682-03631819-3684Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation10.20538/1682-0363-2025-1-180-192ssmu-5977Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEW AND LECTURESЭпидемиологическая основа коморбидности аневризмы аорты и атеросклероза сосудовEpidemiologic basis for the comorbidity of aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosishttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-3641КучерА. Н.KucherA. N.

Кучер Аксана Николаевна – д-р биол. наук, вед. науч. сотрудник, лаборатория популяционной генетики 

634050, г. Томск, ул. Набережная Ушайки, 10

10, Embankment Ushaiki Str., Tomsk, 634050

aksana.kucher@medgenetics.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1498-6934КоролёваЮ. А.KorolevaYu. A.

Королёва Юлия Александровна – мл. науч. сотрудник, лаборатория популяционной генетики 

634050, г. Томск, ул. Набережная Ушайки, 10

10, Embankment Ushaiki Str., Tomsk, 634050

yuliya.koroleva@medgenetics.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0673-4094НазаренкоМ. С.NazarenkoM. S.

Назаренко Мария Сергеевна – д-р мед. наук, рук. лаборатории популяционной генетики 

634050, г. Томск, ул. Набережная Ушайки, 10

10, Embankment Ushaiki Str., Tomsk, 634050

maria.nazarenko@medgenetics.ruНаучно-исследовательский институт (НИИ) медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр (НИМЦ) Российской академии наукРоссияResearch Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202516042025241180192Copyright © Кучер А.Н., Королёва Ю.А., Назаренко М.С., 20252025Кучер А.Н., Королёва Ю.А., Назаренко М.С.Kucher A.N., Koroleva Y.A., Nazarenko M.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/5977

Аневризма аорты и атеросклероз сосудов характеризуются высокой клинической гетерогенностью. Неоднозначность в оценках коморбидности данных заболеваний может быть связана с их полиэтиологичностью и наличием не только общих, но и специфичных факторов риска, сложным патогенезом данных заболеваний. Цель настоящего обзора заключается в обобщении информации о распространенности и факторах риска аневризмы аорты и атеросклероза сосудов с точки зрения объяснения возможных механизмов формирования коморбидности данных патологий. При проведении поиска научных публикаций в отечественной (Научная электронная библиотека – eLIBRARY.RU) и зарубежной (PubMed) электронных библиотеках в качестве приоритетных рассматривались работы, опубликованные за последние 10 лет.Аневризма аорты и атеросклероз сосудов имеют возраст-зависимый характер распространения. С одной стороны, высокая распространенность атеросклероза сосудов по сравнению с аневризмой аорты и примерно равные возрастные границы манифестации данных патологий связаны с их коморбидностью. С другой стороны, данные заболевания характеризуются некоторой общностью факторов риска, но с разным их вкладом в развитие атеросклероза сосудов и аневризмы аорты разной локализации. Сахарный диабет 2-го типа и показатели липидного обмена относятся к категории факторов с разнонаправленным влиянием на риск развития данных патологий. Для понимания причин противоречивых оценок коморбидности аневризмы аорты и атеросклероза сосудов с точки зрения эпидемиологии важен комплексный подход к характеристике пациентов с детальным анализом факторов риска, регистрируемых в анализируемых выборках.

Aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis are characterized by high clinical heterogeneity. The uncertainty in their comorbidity evaluations may be related to polyetiology of these diseases and the presence of not only common but also specific risk factors, as well as the complex pathogenesis of these conditions. The aim of this review is to summarize information on the prevalence and risk factors of aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis, explaining the possible mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of these pathologies. We conducted a search for scientific publications in Russian (eLIBRARY.RU) and international (PubMed) electronic libraries, prioritizing works published in the last 10 years. Aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis exhibit an age-dependent pattern of prevalence. The high prevalence of atherosclerosis compared to aortic aneurysm, along with the approximately similar age ranges for the manifestation of these pathologies,is related to their comorbidity. Conversely, these diseases share some common risk factors, albeit with varying contributions to atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm of different localizations. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and lipid metabolism profiles are examples of risk factors with multidirectional influences. To understand the reasons for the discordant estimates of comorbidity between aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis from an epidemiological perspective, a comprehensive approach to patient characterization, including a detailed analysis of risk factors recorded in the analyzed groups, is essential.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.