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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2025-3-172-178</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-6175</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дендритные клетки как основа конструирования противораковых вакцин</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dendritic cells as a basis for designing anti-cancer vaccines</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Франциянц</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frantsiyants</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Франциянц Елена Михайловна – д-р биол. наук, профессор, зам. генерального директора по науке, НМИЦ онкологии.</p><p>344037, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Liniya, 344037 Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">super.gormon@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-8271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бандовкина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bandovkina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бандовкина Валерия Ахтямовна – д-р биол. наук, доцент, вед. науч. сотрудник, лаборатория изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей, НМИЦ онкологии.</p><p>344037, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Liniya, 344037 Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valerryana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-7587</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурикова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surikova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сурикова Екатерина Игоревна – канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник, лаборатория изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей, НМИЦ онкологии.</p><p>344037, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Liniya, 344037 Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sunsur2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3711-8155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черярина</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheryarina</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черярина Наталья Дмитриевна – врач-лаборант, лаборатория изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей, НМИЦ онкологии.</p><p>344037, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Liniya, 344037 Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">scalolas.92@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3972-2452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каплиева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaplieva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каплиева Ирина Викторовна – д-р мед. наук, зав. лабораторией изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей, НМИЦ онкологии.</p><p>344037, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Liniya, 344037 Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaplirina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7968-5078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меньшенина</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Menshenina</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Меньшенина Анна Петровна – д-р мед. наук, доцент, вед. науч. сотрудник, отделение опухолей репродуктивной системы, НМИЦ онкологии.</p><p>344037, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Liniya, 344037 Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.menshenina.00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7655</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шихлярова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikhlyarova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шихлярова Алла Ивановна – д-р биол. наук, профессор, ст. науч. сотрудник, лаборатория изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей, НМИЦ онкологии.</p><p>344037, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Liniya, 344037 Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shikhliarova.a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-3086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нескубина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neskubina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нескубина Ирина Валерьевна – канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник, лаборатория изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей, НМИЦ онкологии.</p><p>344037, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Liniya, 344037 Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neskubina.irina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр (НМИЦ) онкологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Centre for Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>172</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Франциянц Е.М., Бандовкина В.А., Сурикова Е.И., Черярина Н.Д., Каплиева И.В., Меньшенина А.П., Шихлярова А.И., Нескубина И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Франциянц Е.М., Бандовкина В.А., Сурикова Е.И., Черярина Н.Д., Каплиева И.В., Меньшенина А.П., Шихлярова А.И., Нескубина И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Frantsiyants E.M., Bandovkina V.A., Surikova E.I., Cheryarina N.D., Kaplieva I.V., Menshenina A.P., Shikhlyarova A.I., Neskubina I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/6175">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/6175</self-uri><abstract><p>Дендритные клетки (ДК) играют ключевую роль в организации иммунного ответа против опухолей, выступая связующим звеном между врожденным и адаптивным иммунитетом. Они захватывают, обрабатывают и представляют опухолевые антигены Т-клеткам, что запускает специфический иммунный ответ, направленный на уничтожение раковых клеток. Представляют собой неоднородную популяцию, включающую несколько подтипов, таких как обычные ДК (cDC1, cDC2) и плазмоцитоидные ДК (pDC). Каждый подтип выполняет уникальные функции: cDC1 специализируются на активации CD8+ Т-клеток, а pDC вырабатывают интерфероны. В микроокружении опухоли ДК часто теряют свою функциональность из-за иммуносупрессивных факторов, таких как IL-6 и PGE2, что затрудняет их способность активировать Т-клетки. Кроме того, нарушение баланса между окислительным фосфорилированием и гликолизом, регулируемым осью AMPK/mTOR, может приводить к иммуносупрессивному фенотипу ДК.</p><p>Перспективным направлением в иммунотерапии рака является создание вакцин на основе ДК, которые могут восстанавливать иммуногенность «холодных» опухолей, лишенных инфильтрации Т-клеток. Такие вакцины созданы путем генерации ДК in vitro или их модификации для усиления презентации опухолевых антигенов.</p><p>Несмотря на значительные успехи, биология ДК остается недостаточно изученной. Эта работа подчеркивает важность ДК в разработке новых стратегий лечения рака и открывает перспективы для создания более эффективных иммунотерапевтических подходов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to play a pivotal role in orchestrating the immune response against tumors, thereby acting as a link between innate and adaptive immunity. DCs capture, process, and present tumor antigens to T cells, which triggers a specific immune response aimed at destroying cancer cells. DCs are a heterogeneous population that includes several subtypes, such as conventional DCs (cDC1, cDC2) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDC). Each subtype has unique functions: cDC1s specialize in activating CD8+ T cells, while pDCs produce interferons in response to viral infections. In a tumor microenvironment, DCs are often depleted of their functionality due to immunosuppressive factors, such as IL-6 and PGE2, which impedes their ability to activate T cells. Furthermore, an imbalance between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis regulated by the AMPK/mTOR axis may lead to the immunosuppressive phenotype of DCs.</p><p>A promising direction in cancer immunotherapy is the creation of DC-based vaccines that can restore the immunogenicity of cold tumors lacking T cell infiltration. Such vaccines can be created by generating DCs in vitro or modifying them to enhance the presentation of tumor antigens.</p><p>Despite significant advances, the biology of DCs remains poorly understood. This lecture highlights the importance of DCs in developing new cancer treatment strategies and opens up prospects for more effective immunotherapeutic approaches.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дендритные клетки</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевая вакцина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dendritic cells</kwd><kwd>antitumor vaccine</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии финансирования при проведении исследования</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors state that they received no funding for the study</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu Z., Ott P.A., Wu C.J. Towards personalized, tumour-specific, therapeutic vaccines for cancer. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2018;18(3):168–182. 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