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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2025-4-204-212</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-6283</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные методы диагностики и лечения бронхиальной астмы (систематический обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of severe bronchial asthma (systematic review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1761-553X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдина</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudina</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдина Екатерина Олеговна – аспирант, кафедра факультетской педиатрии с курсом детских болезней лечебного факультета, врач-педиатр</p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Moscovsky trakt, 634050 Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yudina.eo@ssmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5600-5760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелентьева</surname><given-names>A. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melenteva</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мелентьева Анастасия Павловна – аспирант, кафедра факультетской педиатрии с курсом детских болезней лечебного факультета</p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Moscovsky trakt, 634050 Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasiaymelenteva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3040-2647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевелев</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevelev</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевелев Иван Юрьевич – аспирант, кафедра факультетской педиатрии с курсом детских болезней лечебного факультета</p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Moscovsky trakt, 634050 Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shevelev.iy@ssmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2962-1076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Огородова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogorodova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Огородова Людмила Михайловна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, профессор кафедры факультетской педиатрии с курсом детских болезней лечебного факультета</p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Moscovsky trakt, 634050 Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">edu@tomsk.gov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7130-9609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федорова Ольга Сергеевна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, проректор по научной работе и последипломной подготовке, зав. кафедрой факультетской педиатрии с курсом детских болезней лечебного факультета</p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Moscovsky trakt, 634050 Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.sergeevna.fedorova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный медицинский университет (СибГМУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University (SibSMU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>204</fpage><lpage>212</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юдина Е.О., Мелентьева A.П., Шевелев И.Ю., Огородова Л.М., Федорова О.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юдина Е.О., Мелентьева A.П., Шевелев И.Ю., Огородова Л.М., Федорова О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yudina E.O., Melenteva A.P., Shevelev I.Y., Ogorodova L.M., Fedorova O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/6283">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/6283</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время распространенность бронхиальной астмы (БА) во всем мире неуклонно растет. Данные официальной статистики свидетельствуют, что от 5 до 10% случаев в структуре тяжести данного заболевания составляет тяжелая БА и при ее лечении высокими дозами ингаляционными кортикостероидов (ИКС) сохраняются неконтролируемые симптомы у большинства людей, что значительно снижает качество их жизни. Это поддерживает актуальность поиска новых стратегий лечения тяжелой БА. Цель обзора заключалась в проведении анализа и обобщении опубликованных данных о современных подходах диагностики и лечения тяжелой БА.</p><p>Используя рекомендации «Предпочтительные элементы отчетности для систематических обзоров и мета-анализов» (PRISMA), были обнаружены 3177 источников. Исключение публикаций, недоступных для просмотра, позволило оставить 578 источников, из которых теме исследования в той или иной степени соответствовали 120 работ. Из них отобраны 63 источника, содержащие необходимую информацию и соответствующие критериям отбора исследования. Из них 28 обзорных и 35 оригинальных исследований (рандомизированные контролируемые, когортные и исследования «случай – контроль»). Представлено описание фенотипов и эндотипов, а также характеристика современных биомаркеров тяжелой БА. Особое внимание уделяется новым подходом лечения тяжелой БА.</p><p>Проведенные исследования, систематизированные в данной статье, свидетельствуют о том, что подробное описание фенотипов и эндотипов БА может помочь выявить новые биомаркеры и терапевтические мишени, специфичные для каждого эндотипа. Глубокое знание фенотипа и эндотипа пациента может определить персонализированный подход к терапии тяжелой БА.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) is steadily increasing worldwide. Official statistics show that severe BA accounts for 5–10% of cases in the severity profile of this disease, and when treated with high doses of corticosteroids, uncontrolled symptoms persist in most people, which significantly reduces their quality of life. This supports the relevance of finding new strategies for the treatment of severe BA. The aim of the review was to analyze and summarize published data on modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of severe BA.</p><p>Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 3,177 sources were found. Excluding publications that were unavailable for viewing allowed us to leave 578 sources, of which 120 papers were relevant to the study topic to some extent. Of these, 63 sources were selected that contained the information necessary for the study and met the selection criteria for the studies: 28 of them were review articles and 35 were original studies (randomized controlled, cohort, and case-control studies). The work presents a description of phenotypes and endotypes, as well as characteristics of modern biomarkers of severe BA.</p><p>Particular attention is paid to a new approach to the treatment of severe BA. The conducted studies, systematized in this article, indicate that a detailed description of asthma phenotypes and endotypes can help identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets specific to each endotype. Profound knowledge of the patient’s phenotype and endotype can determine a personalized approach to the treatment of severe BA.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тяжелая бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>фенотипы</kwd><kwd>эндотипы</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>severe bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>biological therapy</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>endotype</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда («Разработка технологий персонализированной неинвазивной диагностики для эндотипирования бронхиальной астмы с использованием высокопроизводительной хромато-масс-спектрометрии», договор от 29.05.2025, № 25-15-00576)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (grant No. 25-15-00576)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan T., Yang F., Wang Z., Gao F., Sun L. 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