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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2026-3-101-110</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-6607</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профиль протеиназ с эластолитической активностью и функциональные нарушения респираторной системы в патогенезе туберкулеза легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Profile of Proteases with Elastolytic Activity and Functional Respiratory Disorders in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9841-0061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эсмедляева</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esmedlyaeva</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эсмедляева Диляра Салиевна канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник, лаборатория микробиологии, биохимии и иммуно­генетики</p><p>191036, г. Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., 2-4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2-4 Ligovsky Ave., 191036 Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diljara-e@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8837-6739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Нина Петровна канд. физ.-мат. наук, доцент кафедры статистического моделирования</p><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7-9 University Embankment, 199034 Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ninaalexeyeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6550-817X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирюхина</surname><given-names>Л. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiryukhina</surname><given-names>L. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирюхина Лариса Дмитриевна канд. мед. наук, зав. отделением функциональной и ультразвуковой диагностики, вед. науч. сотрудник, лаборатория патофизиологии дыхания НИИ пульмонологии; врач, отделение функциональной диа­гностики, СПб НИИФ</p><p>191036, г. Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., 2-4,</p><p>115682, г. Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28/10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2-4 Ligovsky Ave., 191036 Saint Petersburg, </p><p>28/10 Orekhovy Blvd., 115682 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iryuhina_larisa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7810-880X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьякова</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyakova</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дьякова Марина Евгеньевна д-р биол. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник, лаборатория микробиологии, биохимии и иммуногене­тики</p><p>191036, г. Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., 2-4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2-4 Ligovsky Ave., 191036 Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marinadyakova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-4084</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилов</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаврилов Павел Владимирович канд. мед. наук, врач-рентгенолог</p><p>191014, г. Санкт-Петербург, пер. Манежный, 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14 A. Manezhny Lane, 191123 Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spbniifrentgen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9865-0199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьев Иван Вадимович канд. филол. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой английского языка в сфере филологии и искусств</p><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7-9 University Embankment, 199034 Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivan_grigoriev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-9643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яблонский</surname><given-names>П. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yablonsky</surname><given-names>P. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яблонский Петр Казимирович д-р мед. наук, профессор, заслуженный врач РФ, директор СПб НИИФ; зав. кафедрой госпитальной хирургии, СПбГУ</p><p>191036, г. Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., 2-4,</p><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2-4 Ligovsky Ave., 191036 Saint Petersburg, </p><p>7-9 University Embankment, 199034 Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">piotr_yablonskii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии (СПб НИИФ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Federal Research Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет (СПбГУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Federal State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии (СПб НИИФ);&#13;
Научно-исследовательский институт (НИИ) пульмонологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Federal Research Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology;&#13;
National Medical Research Center for Pulmonology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский центр на Манежном «Finemedic»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Finemedic Medical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии (СПб НИИФ);&#13;
Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет (СПбГУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Federal Research Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology;&#13;
Saint Petersburg Federal State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Эсмедляева Д.С., Алексеева Н.П., Кирюхина Л.Д., Дьякова М.Е., Гаврилов П.В., Григорьев И.В., Яблонский П.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эсмедляева Д.С., Алексеева Н.П., Кирюхина Л.Д., Дьякова М.Е., Гаврилов П.В., Григорьев И.В., Яблонский П.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Esmedlyaeva D.S., Alekseeva N.P., Kiryukhina L.D., Dyakova M.E., Gavrilov P.V., Grigoriev I.V., Yablonsky P.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/6607">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/6607</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить профиль протеиназ с эластолитической активностью (ЭА) в периферической крови в пато­генезе туберкулеза легких (ТЛ) во взаимосвязи с нарушениями вентиляционной и газообменной способ­ности легких.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено комплексное исследование состояния легких у 264 пациентов с верифи­цированным диагнозом ТЛ без коморбидности с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Выполнено лучевое обследование органов грудной полости с определением объема эмфизематозных изменений (ЭЛ) и исследование функции внешнего дыхания (ФВД), включающее спирометрию, бодиплетизмографию и оценку диффузионной способности легких (DLCO). В сыворотке крови определяли уровень матриксных металлопротеиназ (ММП) ММП-7, -9, -12, их тканевого ингибитора-1 (ТИМП-1) иммуноферментным ме­тодом с использованием реагентов R&amp;D Systems (Inc. a Bio-Techne Brand, США), нейтрофильной эластазы (НЭ) и ингибитора а2-макроглобулина (МГ) по торможению синтетических субстратов (ICN Biomedicals Inc., США). Для статистической обработки данных применяли непараметрические критерии Манна Уитни, Краскела Уоллиса с поправкой Бонферрони и коэффициент Спирмена в пакете Statistica 7.0. Мо­дель многомерного дисперсионного анализа (MANOVA) создавали в R.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В модели MANOVA из биохимических маркеров получена переменная Y, отражающая дина­мику протеиназ с ЭА в патогенезе ТЛ с учетом таких факторов, как клиническая форма и варианты нару­шений ФВД. ЭА при деструктивном процессе без нарушений ФВД характеризовалась преимущественно вкладом уровня НЭ и ММП-12. Фиброзные трансформации с обструктивным и смешанным вариантами нарушений ФВД сопровождались смещением протеиназно-ингибиторного баланса в сторону увеличения концентраций ММП-7 и ММП-9. Избыточная ЭА на ранних стадиях процесса компенсировалась влиянием МГ, тогда как в дальнейшем ТИМП-1.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Изменения профиля протеиназ с эластолитической активностью характеризуют смену тка­невых реакций и отражают формирование разных вариантов нарушений ФВД и снижение DLCO, что может служить биохимическим критерием развития вентиляционно-газообменных нарушений при ТЛ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the profile of proteases with elastolytic activity (EA) in peripheral blood in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) in relation to pulmonary ventilatory dysfunction and gas exchange abnormalities.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A comprehensive assessment of the lung status was performed in 264 patients with verified PT without co-occurring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest computed tomography with em­physema progression quantification and pulmonary function testing (PFT) were performed, including spirometry, body plethysmography, and measurement of diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-7, -9, -12) and their tissue inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) were determined by ELISA using reagents from R&amp;D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA), while neutrophil elastase (NE) and a2-macroglobulin (MG) levels were measured by inhibiting synthetic substrates (ICN Biomedicals Inc., USA). Statistical analysis included the non-parametric Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests with Bonferroni correction and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient in Statistica 7.0. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) model was constructed in R.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the MANOVA model, a composite variable Y was derived from the biochemical markers, reflecting changes in proteases with EA in PT pathogenesis, considering the clinical form and patterns of pulmonary function impairment. In destructive disease without pulmonary function abnormalities, EA was determined predominantly by NE and MMP-12 levels. Fibrotic transformation with obstructive or mixed pulmonary dysfunction was ac­companied by a shift in the protease inhibitor balance towards increased concentrations of MMP-7 and MMP-9. Excess EA at early stages of the disease was compensated by MG, whereas at later stages, compensation was mediated by TIMP-1.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Alterations in the profile of proteases with elastolytic activity characterize shifts in tissue responses, reflect the development of distinct patterns of functional respiratory disorders and DLCO reduction, and may there­fore serve as biochemical markers of evolving ventilatory dysfunction and gas exchange abnormalities in PT.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез легких</kwd><kwd>эмфизема легких</kwd><kwd>внеклеточный матрикс</kwd><kwd>протеиназы с эластолитической активностью</kwd><kwd>функция внешнего дыхания</kwd><kwd>легочный газообмен</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pulmonary tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>emphysema</kwd><kwd>extracellular matrix</kwd><kwd>proteases with elastolytic activity</kwd><kwd>pulmonary function testing</kwd><kwd>gas exchange</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галкин В.Б., Яблонский П.К., Пантелеев А.М., Туркина Е.Н., Бармина Н.А., Михайловская Т.Л. и др. 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