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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ssmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень сибирской медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-0363</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1819-3684</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20538/1682-0363-2017-3-87-96</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ssmu-959</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нарушение формирования пола 45,Х/46,XY: клинико-лабораторная характеристика пациентов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Disorders of sex development 45,X/46,XY: clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Латышев</surname><given-names>Олег Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Latyshev</surname><given-names>Oleg Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд мед. наук, доцент, кафедра детской эндокринологии, РМАНПО, г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduated Education Study, Moscow, Russian Federation.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elvkasatkina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санникова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sannikova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, кафедра детской эндокринологии, РМАНПО, г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduated Education Study, Moscow, Russian Federation.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонова</surname><given-names>Любовь Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonova</surname><given-names>Lubov N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой детской эндокринологии, РМАНПО, г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DM, Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduated Education Study, Moscow, Russian Federation.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселёва</surname><given-names>Елена Валентиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, кафедра детской эндокринологии, РМАНПО, г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduated Education Study, Moscow, Russian Federation.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Окминян</surname><given-names>Гоар Феликсовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okminyan</surname><given-names>Goar F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, кафедра детской эндокринологии, РМАНПО, г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduated Education Study, Moscow, Russian Federation.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дондуп</surname><given-names>Ольга Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dondup</surname><given-names>Olga M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд мед. наук, доцент, кафедра анатомии, РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова, г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касаткина</surname><given-names>Эльвира Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasatkina</surname><given-names>Elvira P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, кафедра детской эндокринологии, РМАНПО, г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DM, Professor, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduated Education Study, Moscow, Russian Federation.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования (РМАНПО)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduated Education Study Department of Pediatric Endocrinology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет (РНИМУ) им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Латышев О.Ю., Санникова Е.С., Самсонова Л.Н., Киселёва Е.В., Окминян Г.Ф., Дондуп О.М., Касаткина Э.П., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Латышев О.Ю., Санникова Е.С., Самсонова Л.Н., Киселёва Е.В., Окминян Г.Ф., Дондуп О.М., Касаткина Э.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Latyshev O.Y., Sannikova E.S., Samsonova L.N., Kiseleva E.V., Okminyan G.F., Dondup O.M., Kasatkina E.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/959">https://bulletin.ssmu.ru/jour/article/view/959</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Изучить клинико-лабораторную характеристику пациентов с нарушением формирования пола (НФП) 45,Х/46,ХY.Материал и методы. В исследование включены 248 пациентов с неправильным строением наружных гениталий от раннего неонатального периода до 18 лет. По результатам цитогенетического и молекулярно-цитогенетического обследований сформирована группа пациентов с НФП, обусловленного мозаицизмом 45,Х/46,ХY. Проведена оценка антропометрических показателей, наружных и внутренних гениталий, гормональных показателей в мини-пубертате, нейтральном и пубертатном периодах, гистологическое исследование гонад, скрининг пороков развития.Результаты. НФП с кариотипом 46,ХY выявлено в 48% (120/248) случаев, с кариотипом 46,ХХ – в 38% (93/248), НФП с патологией половых хромосом – в 14% (35/248) наблюдений. Хромосомное НФП представлено следующими вариантами: синдромы Кляйнфельтера, Шерешевского – Ульриха – Тернера, химеризм, овотестикулярное, но большую часть составили пациенты с мозаицизмом 45,Х/46,ХY (65%). В группе пациентов с НФП 45,Х/46,ХY медиана cтепени маскулинизации наружных гениталий по шкале External Masculinization Score (EMS) составила 3 [1; 5,5]. Среди пороков развития наружных гениталий в большинстве случаев (82%, 18/22) имело место сочетание крипторхизма с гипоспадией. Дериваты Мюллеровых протоков выявлены у 91% (20/22) пациентов. Большая часть пациентов (77%) адаптируется в мужском паспортном поле. Не выявлено статистически значимых различий в строении наружных и внутренних гениталий между группами пациентов, адаптируемых в мужском и женском паспортном поле.При анализе гормональных показателей выявлена положительная корреляционная взаимосвязь между содержанием базального тестостерона в период мини-пубертата и индексом маскулинизации наружных гениталий по шкале EMS (р = 0,002; r = 0,9). В период мини-пубертата повышение уровня гонадотропных гормонов выявлено у 89% (8/9) детей, из которых сочетанное повышение лютеинизирующего гормона и фолликулостимулирующего гормона (ФСГ) отмечено в 33% (3/9), изолированное повышение ФСГ в 56% (5/9) случаев. В пубертатном периоде у 75% (3/4) пациентов выявлен гипергонадотропный гипогонадизм.По результатам гистологического исследования гонад отмечена гетерогенная картина. Гонады представлены различной степенью дисгенезии тестикулярной ткани: от легкой, близкой к гистологическому строению гонад при крипторхизме, до streak и овотестис.Среди внегонадных проявлений заболевания лидируют паховые грыжи (86%), пороки сердца (77%) и почек (36%). Патологическая задержка роста диагностирована у 23% детей.Выводы. В структуре заболевания на хромосомное НФП приходится 14% наблюдений. Группа пациентов с НФП 45,Х/46,ХY гетерогенна по степени дисгенезии гонад, строению наружных и внутренних половых органов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To study the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with disorders of sex development (DSD) 45,Х/46,ХY.Materials and methods. The study included 248 patients with genital malformations from early neonatal period to 18 years. The group of patients with DSD 45,Х/46,ХY was formed according to the results of cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic examination. Anthropometric data, external and internal genitalia, hormonal parameters in mini-pubertal, neutral and pubertal periods were assessed; histological examination of the gonads and screening of development malformations were performed.Results. DSD of 46,ХY karyotype was revealed in 48% (120/248) cases, 46,ХХ DSD – 38% (93/248), DSD with sex chromosome pathology – 14% (35/248) patients. Chromosome DSD was represented by Klinefelter syndrome, Shereshevsky – Ulrich – Turner syndrome, chimeric DSD, and ovotesticular DSD, but the majority of patients had mosaicism 45,Х/46,ХY (65%). In the group of patients with NFP 45,X/46,XY, the median degree of masculinization of the external genitalia by the scale of the external masculinization score (EMS) was 3 [1; 5,5]. Among the defects of external genitalia in most cases (82%, 18/22) there was a combination of cryptorchidism with hypospadias. Derivatives of the Mueller ducts were detected in 91% (20/22) of patients. Most patients (77%) adapt the male passport field. There were no statistically significant differences in the structure of the external and internal genitalia between the groups of patients adapted in the male and female passport fields.The analysis of hormonal indexes revealed a positive correlation between the content of basal testosteron in the mini-pubertal period and the index of masculinization of the external genitalia by the EMS scale (p = 0,002; r = 0,9). In the period of mini-puberty an increase in the level of gonadotropic hormones was detected in 89% (8/9) of children, a combined increase of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) being observed in 33% (3/9), an isolated increase of FSH – in 56% (5/9) of cases. In the pubertal period hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was revealed in 75% (3/4) of patients.The results of the histological study of the gonads were heterogenous. Gonads are represented by a different degree of dysgenesis of testicular tissue: from a mild, histologically-like gonad in cryptorchidism to streak and ovotestis.Among the extragonadal manifestations of the disease, inguinal hernia (86%), heart defects (77%) and kidney defects (36%) are prominent. Pathological growth retardation was diagnosed in 23% of children.Conclusion. In the structure of the disease chromosomal DSD accounts for 14% of observations. A group of patients with DSD 45,X/46,XY is heterogenous in the degree of gonadal dysgenesis, the structure of the external and internal genitalia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нарушение формирования пола</kwd><kwd>мозаицизм 45</kwd><kwd>Х/46</kwd><kwd>ХY</kwd><kwd>дисгенезия гонад</kwd><kwd>гипоспадия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>disorder of sex development</kwd><kwd>mosaicism 45</kwd><kwd>Х/46</kwd><kwd>ХY</kwd><kwd>gonadal dysgenesis</kwd><kwd>hypospadias</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonul Ocal. Current concepts in disorders of sexual development // J. Clin. Res. Ped. Endo. 2011; 3 (3): 105– 114. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.v3i3.22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonul Ocal. Current concepts in disorders of sexual development // J. Clin. Re.s Ped. 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