Патофизиологические механизмы, лежащие в основе антипсихотик-индуцированной тардивной дискинезии

Цель – анализ результатов классических и современных исследований, отражающих патофизиологические механизмы антипсихотик-индуцированной тардивной дискинезии.

Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск полнотекстовых публикаций на русском и английском языках за последнее десятилетие в базах данных еLibrary, PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, используя ключевые слова «тардивная дискинезия» (ТД), «лекарственно-индуцированная тардивная дискинезия», «антипсихотики» (АП), «нейролептики», «типичные антипсихотики», «атипичные антипсихотики», «патофизиология», «этиология» и комбинированные поиски слов. Кроме того, в лекцию включены более ранние публикации, имеющие исторический интерес.

Результаты. В лекции предложены теории развития АП-индуцированной ТД, рассматривающие влияние на дофаминергические рецепторы, дофаминергические нейроны, на нейроны базальных ганглий, и прочие теории: активация эстрогеновых рецепторов, нарушение обмена мелатонина, нарушение эндогенной опиоидной системы, оксидативный стресс с преобладанием процессов окисления, блокада 5-НТ2 -рецепторов, снижение уровня пиридоксина, генетическая предрасположенность, взаимодействие АП с церебральным микроэлементом – железом, карбониловый стресс и имунновоспаление, роль нейротрофического фактора.

Заключение. Раскрытие механизмов АП-индуцированной ТД даст ключ к разработке стратегии персонализированной профилактики и терапии рассматриваемого неврологического осложнения АП-терапии шизофрении в реальной клинической практике.

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