Применение скрининговых методик для ранней диагностики риска биполярного аффективного расстройства у подростков

Цель. Изучение возможности комплексного применения скрининговых методик в ранней диагностике риска биполярного расстройства (БР) у подростков.

Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 139 подростков в возрасте 13–16 лет. Были использованы клинико-психопатологический метод и скрининговые методы исследования: диагностическая шкала расстройств биполярного спектра (Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale, BSDS, R. Pies, 2005); вопросник расстройства настроения (Mood Disorder Questionnaire MDQ, R.M. Hirschfeld, 2000).

Результаты. При клинико-психопатологическом исследовании подростков в соответствии с критериями МКБ-10 (класс V: психические расстройства и расстройства поведения (F00-F99)) психические расстройства, в том числе аффективная патология, не выявлены. По результатам скрининговой методики MDQ показан риск БР у 63 респондентов (45,3%; 95-й доверительный интервал (ДИ): 36,8–53,9). С помощью методики BSDS риск БР отмечен у 16,2% респондентов (ДИ: 11,9–28,3). Совместное использование скрининговых шкал (MDQ и BSDS) продемонстрировало согласованность их работы по выявлению значений, как не превышающих пороговые (48,7% случаев), так и превышающих пороговые показатели (17,1% случаев).

Заключение. Ранняя диагностика риска БР у подростков наряду с клинико-психопатологическим методом может включать использование скрининговых шкал. Комплексное использование нескольких скрининговых методов обосновано проблемой полиморфизма начальных гипоманиакальных и депрессивных состояний, а также трудностями субъективной оценки симптомов биполярного аффективного расстройства подростками.

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