Метаболический потенциал микробиоты на фоне гельминтной инвазии как инструмент управления бронхиальной астмой

Цель – провести анализ современных экспериментальных и клинических исследований, направленных на оценку метаболической активности микробиоты при бронхиальной астме (БА) и гельминтных инвазиях.

Бронхиальная астма относится к числу глобальных проблем здравоохранения, имеющих большую социально-экономическую значимость, является одним из самых распространенных хронических гетерогенных заболеваний дыхательных путей. В последние годы накоплено множество данных, указывающих на то, что состояние микробиоты кишечника является одним из важнейших факторов, определяющих состояние здоровья человека, в том числе влияющих на иммунные механизмы развития аллергических болезней в детском возрасте. Дисбиотическое состояние микробиоты кишечника обусловлено не только изменениями структуры, но и нарушениями ее метаболизма. В соответствии концепцией «ось кишечник – легкие» поддержание нормальной микробиоты кишечника, коррекция ее нарушений, в том числе стратегии, направленные на активацию синтеза короткоцепочечных жирных кислот в кишечнике, могут стать новым способом профилактики и лечения хронических респираторных заболеваний у детей. В свою очередь, в экспериментальных и эпидемиологических исследованиях показана иммуномодулирующая способность гельминтов. Предполагается, что воздействие на состав и функцию кишечного микробиома является одним из механизмов, посредством которых гельминты влияют на иммунный ответ организма хозяина и течение БА.

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