Проблемы диагностики патологий шейки матки

Статья посвящена современному состоянию проблемы диагностики плоскоклеточных интраэпителиальных поражений шейки матки. Рассмотрены вопросы трансформации классификаций и терминологии патологий шейки матки. Обсуждается роль цитологических (жидкостная и традиционная цитология), молекулярно-биологических (Hybrid Capture Diegene Test), иммуногистохимических (p16INK4α, Ki-67) и гистологических методов в диагностике поражений шейки матки. Особое внимание уделено диагностике папилломавирусной инфекции, приведены показатели эффективности скрининговых программ, основанных на первичном определении ДНК вируса папилломы человека (ВПЧ) в сравнении с общепринятыми цитологическими методами. Рассмотрена тропность ВПЧ к различным отделам шейки матки, предрасполагающая к формированию глубоких мультифокальных поражений, а также влияние физического статуса ВПЧ на лечебную тактику и риски рецидивов.

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