Низшие обезьяны как модельный объект изучения метаболического синдрома

Цель работы – обобщение результатов исследований по изучению метаболического синдрома на низших обезьянах, проведение сравнительной характеристики с человеком.
Осуществлен поиск полнотекстовых публикаций в базах данных PubMed, Scopus по ключевым словам: nonhuman primate, monkey, obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, insulin, atherosclerosis, hypertension. Отобраны статьи, описывающие эксперименты с участием следующих видов обезьян: яванские макаки (Macaca fascicularis), макаки-резус (Macaca mulatta), павианы (Papio sp.), африканские зеленые мартышки (Cercopithecus aethiops), обыкновенные игрунки (Callithrix jacchus).
Развитие различных критериев метаболического синдрома показано у всех рассмотренных видов обезьян. При этом имеется много сходных с людьми черт: у макак с ожирением, инсулинорезистентностью и сахарным диабетом 2-го типа выявляются повышение уровня общего холестерина, триглицеридов и свободных жирных кислот, снижение концентрации холестерина липопротеидов высокой плотности. Предвестником нарушения углеводного метаболизма являются ожирение и инсулинорезистентность, по мере прогрессирования которой также увеличивается артериальное давление. В развитии метаболического синдрома немаловажным является сходство между людьми и обезьянами генетических и средовых факторов.
Возможность использовать обезьян в качестве биомодели человека остается незаменимым ресурсом для изучения патогенеза, оценки эффективности и безопасности новых терапевтических стратегий, направленных на клинически важные метаболические заболевания, включая ожирение, дислипидемию, атеросклероз, сахарный диабет 2-го типа и прочие состояния, ассоциированные с метаболической дисфункцией.

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