Использование трехмерной биопечати для регенерации кожи и заживления ран (обзор литературы)

Трехмерная биопечать в настоящее время применяется в самых разных областях медицины, являясь движущей силой многих медицинских исследований. Эти исследования способствуют продвижению в область персонализированной медицины, включающих печать сложных человеческих органов для их использования в клинической практике. Одним из ведущих направлений в продвижении трехмерной биопечати является разработка биочернил определенного состава с заданными свойствами.

Цель настоящего систематического обзора состоит в анализе данных современных биомедицинских исследований, касающихся оценки эффективности использования трехмерной биопечати для регенерации кожи и заживления ран. Всеобъемлющий поиск всех релевантных оригинальных статей выполнили на основе заранее определенных критериев приемлемости. Поиск проводили с использованием платформ PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline Ovid и ScienceDirect.

В результате сужения области поиска из 2 256 статей отобрали 18, полностью соответствовавших критериям включения. Во все отобранные исследования было включено 159 животных с раневыми дефектами. В качестве биочернил чаще всего использовали коллагеновые и желатиновые гидрогели. В части клеточного компонента превалировали аллогенные фибробласты и кератиноциты. Период наблюдения колебался от 1 сут до 6 нед. В большинстве включенных исследований на животных полное закрытие раны достигалось через 2–4 нед.

Результаты как in vitro, так и in vivo показали положительное влияние напечатанных биоинженерных конструкций на ускорение заживления ран. Особый интерес представляет исследование, где биопечать выполняется непосредственно в ране in situ.

Проведенное исследование позволяет сделать вывод о необходимости отработки технологии биопечати тканей для лечения кожных ран на животных моделях с использованием стандартизированных параметров, чтобы открыть двери для клинических испытаний на людях.

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