Эпидемиологическая основа коморбидности аневризмы аорты и атеросклероза сосудов

Аневризма аорты и атеросклероз сосудов характеризуются высокой клинической гетерогенностью. Неоднозначность в оценках коморбидности данных заболеваний может быть связана с их полиэтиологичностью и наличием не только общих, но и специфичных факторов риска, сложным патогенезом данных заболеваний.
Цель настоящего обзора заключается в обобщении информации о распространенности и факторах риска аневризмы аорты и атеросклероза сосудов с точки зрения объяснения возможных механизмов формирования коморбидности данных патологий. При проведении поиска научных публикаций в отечественной (Научная электронная библиотека – eLIBRARY.RU) и зарубежной (PubMed) электронных библиотеках в качестве приоритетных рассматривались работы, опубликованные за последние 10 лет.
Аневризма аорты и атеросклероз сосудов имеют возраст-зависимый характер распространения. С одной стороны, высокая распространенность атеросклероза сосудов по сравнению с аневризмой аорты и примерно равные возрастные границы манифестации данных патологий связаны с их коморбидностью. С другой стороны, данные заболевания характеризуются некоторой общностью факторов риска, но с разным их вкладом в развитие атеросклероза сосудов и аневризмы аорты разной локализации. Сахарный диабет 2-го типа и показатели липидного обмена относятся к категории факторов с разнонаправленным влиянием на риск развития данных патологий. Для понимания причин противоречивых оценок коморбидности аневризмы аорты и атеросклероза сосудов с точки зрения эпидемиологии важен комплексный подход к характеристике пациентов с детальным анализом факторов риска, регистрируемых в анализируемых выборках.

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