Assessment of risk factors bone mineral density decrease in adolescents with dentoalveolar anomalies

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of osteopenia and its relationship with combined orthodontic and somatic disorders in adolescents to build a working model of the formation of osteopenia, identifying the most significant risk factors.

Materials and methods. 525 grade 5–10 schoolchildren from Lugansk’ secondary schools and orphans school aged 12–17 years were examined. We assessed the state of dental hard tissues and periodontal tissues, the state of oral health, the prevalence of different types of dentoalveolar anomalies (DAA) and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (CDGIT). Bone mineral density was assessed by ultrasound osteodensitometry (SONOST-2000). The level of mineralization of the skeleton was assessed by speed of sound (SOS, m/s), it depends on the degree of elasticity and density of the bone tissue. We analyzed the performance – Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA) – broadband absorption, dB/MHz), it’s characterized by loss of the intensity of the ultrasound in the absorption medium, as well as the number, size and spatial orientation of the trabecular bone. The statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out with application program package Statistic 6.0.

Results. During study the combined pathology as the dentoalveolar anomalies and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract were identified in 68,4% of adolescents. Light form of osteopenia met in every third patient with combined pathology. Certain combinations of factors that have a negative effect to bone mineral density were discovered, and we have created the model of osteopenia in adolescents. Underweight is one of the leading factors in the osteopenia development, the highest incidence of osteopenia were in children who had weight deficit (69,5%), and children with a harmonic age loss of the weight and growth parameters (70,7%).

Conclusion. Adolescents with DAA and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract should be monitored bone condition even in stable remission basic physical illness.

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