The glycemic index diets and the risk of metabolic syndrome in male urban population of Novosibirsk (population studies)

Objective: to study the value of the glycemic index (GI) diets in men of Novosibirsk, the link it with nutritional factors and assessment of the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS). A cross-sectional study was carried out in the framework of the international project HAPIEE, random representative sample of the unorganized
population of Novosibirsk included 3699 men without diabetes.

Materials and metods. Assessment of the actual power – frequency method. To calculate the GI diets used data from the International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load, as well as data published Lobykinoy E.N. et al. The criteria for the metabolic syndrome were made in accordance with the Russian national guidelines All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology. For comparison accepted criteria National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III, 2001). Statistical analysis performed using the application package SPSS.11.5 (Bonferroni test procedure GLM). Estimation of odds ratios was performed using binary logistic regression in quartiles of glycemic index. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0,05. The average glycemic index diets (M ± SD) in men Novosibirsk averaged 55,2 ± 3,3, the minimum value of the first quartile – 50,8 ± 2,4 and a maximum value in the fourth – 58,9 ± 1,3. Against the background of lower-GI group first quartile, the proportion of persons with obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia was significantly greater than in the quartile with the highest GI. Accordingly, the odds ratio (OR) the risk of metabolic syndrome in the fourth quartile minimum: OR = 0,70 (CI 0,58; 0,84; p < 0,001) (criteria All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology) and OR = 0,69 (CI 0,54; 0,88; p < 0,001) (criteria NCEP-ATP III, 2001). Under the first quartile of the GI is set higher consumption of animal products and atherogenic saturated fatty acids.

Conclusion. Against the background of higher consumption of animal products, fats in general, better consumption profile group of plant products in the first quartile reduces GI diet, but not the risk of developing MS. There is evidence that high intake of fat, including Meat and meat products leads to the risk of developing MS. Along with recommendations to reduce sugar consumption, increase the number of products with “slow” carbohydrates, should strengthen the nutrition component of the fat correction. Particular attention should be paid to reduce salt intake.

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