Pharmacogenetics and individualized approach to the therapy of bronchial asthma

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Ineffective treatment can significantly reduce the quality and duration of life of the patients. The article presents a review of current research devoted to the study of genetic determinism of the response to the treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, β2 -agonists of short-effect and antagonists of leukotriene receptors in patients with bronchial asthma. The contribution of genetic factors to the variability of therapeutic response in patients in each class of these antiasthmatic drugs is discussed in this article.

Data describing Gly16 allele participation in phenotype formation with poor bronchial asthma course and decreased effectiveness of β2 -agonists therapy and inhaled glucocorticosteroids are also presented. The association of Gly16 genotype gene of β2 -adrenergic receptor with the decreased effect of broncholith therapy of β2 -adrenomimetric receptor of short effect has been determined in this study. It was shown that ALOX5 gene promotor polymorphism is linked with variations of response to antileukotriene drugs. Thus, it can be concluded that multiform gene variants can change the bronchial asthma patients’ response to the conducted therapy and the genetic information can be used to determine the probable prognoses of individuals’ reactions to definite anti-asthmatic remedies. The authors consider the pharmacogenetic test to help to identify the patients that are torpid to the treatment.

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