Макрофаги при бактериальных болезнях легких: фенотип и функции (обзор)

Обзор литературы посвящен анализу роли макрофагов в иммунопатогенезе инфекционных заболеваний легких бактериальной этиологии. В статье обобщены сведения о происхождении макрофагов, их фенотипической и функциональной гетерогенности. Механизмы нарушений защитной функции врожденного иммунитета связаны с поляризацией программы созревания и активации макрофагов в направлении толерогенных или иммунорегуляторных клеток с фенотипом М2. Альвеолярные макрофаги выполняют разнообразные функции (от провоспалительной до регенераторной) при развитии воспаления в органах дыхания. Присущая им пластичность свидетельствует, что одни и те же макрофаги могут изменять свой фенотип и функции в зависимости от микроокружения в очаге воспаления на разных стадиях заболевания. Понимание механизмов, которые регулируют пластичность макрофагов, станет важным шагом на пути реализации потенциала персонифицированной иммуномодулирующей терапии.

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