ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE FETUS AS A PATIENT

perinatal medicine, fetus, ethical dimensions

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2. Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Exploring Medical-legal Issues in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Washington, DC: APGO Medical Education Foundation; 1994.

3. FIGO Committee for the Study of Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction. Recommendations of Ethical Issues in Obstetrics and Gynecology. London: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; 1997.

4. Chervenak F.A., Brent R.L., McCullough L.B. The professional responsibility model of obstetric ethics: avoiding the perils of clashing rights. Am. J. Obstet Gynecol., 2011, 205, 315.e1-5.

5. McCullough LB, Chervenak FA. Ethics in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1994.

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7. Beauchamp T.L., Childress J.F. Principles of Biomedical th about whether to confer such status, the authors propose Ethics. 5 2001. ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; that the fetus be provisionally regarded as a patient. This justifies directive counseling against behavior that can harm a fetus in significant and irreversible ways, e.g., substance abuse, especially alcohol, until the woman settles on whether to confer the status of being a patient on the fetus.

8. Chervenak F.A., McCullough L.B. An ethically justified algorithm for offering, recommending, and performing cesarean delivery and its application in managed care practice. Obstet Gynecol., 1996, 87, pp. 302–305.

9. Hippocrates. Oath of Hippocrates. In: Temkin O., Temkin C.L., eds. Ancient Medicine: Selected Papers of Ludwig Edelstein. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1976:6.

10. McCullough L.B., Coverdale J.H., Chervenak F.A. Argument-based medical ethics: a formal tool for critically appraising the normative medical ethics literature. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2004, 191, pp. 1097–1102.

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14. Chervenak F.A., McCullough L.B. The limits of viability. J. Perinat Med., 1997, 25, pp. 418–20.

15. Chervenak F.A., McCullough L.B., Levene M.I. An ethically justified clinically comprehensive approach to peri-viability: gynaecological, obstetric, perinatal, and neonatal dimensions. J. Obstet Gynaecol., 2007, 27, pp. 3–7.

16. Chervenak F.A., McCullough L.B. An ethically justified, clinically comprehensive management strategy for thirdtrimester pregnancies complicated by fetal anomalies. Obstet Gynecol., 1990, 75, pp. 311–6.

17. Chervenak F.A., McCullough L.B., Campbell S. Is third trimester abortion justified? Brit. J. Obstet Gynaecol., 1995, 102, pp. 434–435.

18. Chervenak F.A., McCullough L.B., Campbell S. Third trimester abortion: Is compassion enough? Brit. J. Obstet Gynaecol., 1999, 106, pp. 293–6.

19. Chervenak F.A., McCullough L.B. Clinical guides to preventing ethical conflicts between pregnant women and their physicians. Am. J. Obstet Gynecol., 1990, 162, pp. 303–7.

20. Lucey J.F., Rowan C.A., Shiono P., Wilkinson A.R. et al. Fetal infants: the fate of 4172 infants with birth weights of 401 to 500 grams–the Vermont Oxford Network experience (1996–2000). Pediatrics, 2004, 113, pp. 1559–1566.