Значение биоразнообразия микробиоты человека и окружающей среды в подверженности развитию бронхиальной астмы у детей

Бронхиальная астма (БА) остается одним из наиболее распространенных хронических заболеваний дыхательных путей в детском возрасте. Развитие БА реализуется при сочетании генетической предрасположенности и воздействия факторов внешней среды. Эпидемиологические данные, касающиеся развития БА, подчеркивают важность воздействия микробиоты в раннем возрасте в формировании иммунных реакций и подверженности развитию БА. В последние годы накоплено достаточно данных, позволяющих предположить, что дисбаланс микробиоты кишечника и дыхательных путей в раннем возрасте может предрасполагать ребенка к развитию астмы. В свою очередь, биоразнообразие окружающей среды оказывает влияние на колонизацию микроорганизмами различных биотопов организма человека. Исследование механизмов взаимодействия микробиотических сообществ окружающей среды и человека откроет перспективу для разработки новых стратегий профилактики астмы. Цель настоящего обзора – провести анализ современных исследований, направленных на оценку значения биоразнообразия микробиоты человека и окружающей среды в подверженности развитию бронхиальной астмы у детей.

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