Cardiometabolic and echocardiographic characteristics of the cardiovascular phenotype of post COVID-19 syndrome

Aim. To study the cardiometabolic and echocardiographic characteristics of COVID-19 convalescents, including patients with the cardiovascular phenotype of post-COVID syndrome (PСS).

Materials and methods. The sample included 270 COVID-19 convalescents (62 without PСS and 208 with PСS). In the subgroup with PCC, 16 convalescents had a cardiovascular phenotype. The study took into account the data of anamnesis, anthropometry, several clinical and biochemical blood parameters, and instrumental diagnostic data (electrocardiography and echocardiography).

Results.       In the subgroup with PСS (n = 208), fasting plasma glucose levels were 1.10 times higher (p < 0.001), abdominal obesity (AO) was 5.52 times more common (p < 0.001), arterial hypertension (AH) was 4.96 times more common (p < 0.001), diastolic dysfunction grade I was 5.55 times more common (p = 0.002), and left ventricular hypertrophy was 7 times more common (p = 0.005). The indices of maximum blood flow velocity and pressure gradient in the pulmonary artery in convalescents with PCS were 1.08-fold (p = 0.020) and 1.14-fold (p = 0.043) lower, respectively. In COVID-19 convalescents with PCS (n = 16) and a cardiovascular phenotype, total cholesterol (TC) was 1.11 times higher (p = 0.039), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 1.21 times higher (p = 0.004), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 1.22 times lower (p = 0.040), non-highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) was 1.24 times higher (p = 0.005) compared with patients without a cardiovascular phenotype. An increase in TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C and a decrease in HDL-C are associated with the cardiovascular phenotype of PCS regardless of gender, age, body mass index, and lipid-lowering therapy. Conclusion. According to the study, echocardiographic changes and cardiometabolic risk factors, such as AO, AH, and carbohydrate metabolism disorders, were more common in patients with PСS. The cardiovascular phenotype of PСS is associated with an increase in TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and a decrease in HDL-C.

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