Thyroid dysfunction as a key link in the concept of mutual aggravation of colorectal cancer and metabolic syndrome: review

The mutually aggravating role of endocrine glands and metabolic disorders in the process of carcinogenesis is well known, but it is underestimated in modern oncological practice. The study of the manifestations of thyroid dysfunction, its effect on carcinogenesis in patients with metabolic syndrome and the possibility of improvement should become an important direction in refining patient outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC).

The aim of our review was to study the issue of thyroid dysfunction as a key link in the concept of colorectal carcinogenesis in metabolic syndrome. Current research data demonstrate a link between hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome, suggesting that they mutually exacerbate each other, thereby worsening the condition of patients. Metabolic syndrome not only contributes to the development and progression of cancer, but also affects patient outcomes.

In clinical practice, an imbalance of thyroid hormones occurs in various types of cancer and is regarded as a confounding factor. Existing data regarding the influence of thyroid hormones on tumors are inconsistent. While hypothyroidism appears to play a role in promoting cancer progression, the underlying mechanisms of this association remain poorly understood and necessitate further research. Despite conflicting evidence regarding the impact of thyroid hormones on colorectal cancer development, their significance in influencing a patient’s overall condition should not be overlooked. Therefore, it is important to integrate strategies for controlling the endocrine profile and correcting its changes into standard cancer treatment protocols. Moreover, some publications report the effect of levothyroxine replacement therapy on reducing the risk of developing CRC. Investigating the interplay between metabolic syndrome and cancer, particularly through the lens of thyroid dysfunction, may contribute to the development of novel approaches to colorectal cancer management and improve patient outcomes.

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