Possibilities of Predicting Preeclampsia Using Platelet Parameters of a Clinical Blood Test

Preeclampsia (PE) occupies a leading position in the profile of maternal morbidity and mortality. PE is also a common cause of neonatal mortality. Therefore, forecasting the progression of PE and its prevention are key directions in modern obstetrics aimed at reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity.

Platelets are multi-functional cell fragments that play an important role in the pathogenesis of PE, while platelet indices allow for the assessment of certain morphometric features of platelets and for the indirect assessment of their functional state.

The authors conducted a non-systematic, descriptive search of scientific publications in the PubMed, eLIBRARY. RU, and Google Scholar databases. This search was aimed at systematizing data on the use of accessible and easily measurable prognostic markers of PE, including platelet and hematological indices presented in clinical blood tests and performed on modern hematology analyzers. Priority was given to studies published within the past 10 years.

The review shows that mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet distribution width (PDW), and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have the greatest prognostic value for PE. Moreover, the prognostic value increases with a combination of these indices, taking into account the gestational age (optimally 14-28 weeks) and integration with clinical risk factors. It is worth noting that for successful implementation of platelet indices into routine clinical practice, further studies are required, aimed at standardizing measurement methods, defining clinically significant threshold values and assessment times, conducting multicenter studies with large samples, and validating the prognostic value at different stages of pregnancy.

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