Aim. The article describes the results of an experimental study of the adaptation mechanisms of heart and transplant (cardio-pulmonary complex, CPC) in heterotopic transplantation.

Materials and methods. CPC`s from recipients (8 dogs) were transplanted in left oblique-diaphragmatic sinus of donor`s (8 dogs). As a results of parallel connection transplant pre- and post-load of donor`s heart was reduces. Oxygenated blood by CPC was passed the left chambers of donor`s heart and returned to the aorta. Another part from pulmonary artery shunted to the right chamber of CPC as a result decreased systolic pressure on the right ventricle of heart. During the co-working of CPC and heart was happened synchronization.

Consequently self-regulating process of circulatory system provides mechanism of adaptation in new conditions. The findings are important for understanding the effectiveness and relevance of this bilogical method of circulatory support. 

Objective. Investigation the opportunity for measurement of biological tissue impedance to visualize its parameters.

Materials and methods. Studies were undertook on the experimental facility, consists of registrating measuring cell, constructed from flat inductors system, formed in oscillatory circuit, herewith investigated biological tissue is the part of this oscillatory circuit. An excitation of oscillatory circuit fulfilled by means of exciter inductor which forms impulse complex modulated electromagnetic field (ICM EMF). The measurement process and visualizations provided by set of certificated instruments: a digital oscillograph AKTAKOM ADS-2221MV, a digital generator АКТАКОМ AWG-4150 (both with software) and a gauge RLC E7-22. Comparative dynamic studies of fixed volume and weight pig’s blood, adipose tissue, muscular tissue impedance were conducted by contact versus contactless methods. Contactless method in contrast to contact method gives opportunity to obtain the real morphological visualization of biological tissue irrespective of their nature.

Results. Comparison of contact and contactless methods of impedance measurement shows that the inductance to capacitance ratio X(L) / X(C) was equal: 17 – for muscular tissue, 4 – for blood, 1 – for adipose tissue. It demonstrates the technical correspondence of both impedance registration methods. If propose the base relevance of X (L) and X (C) parameters for biological tissue impedance so contactless measurement method for sure shows insulating properties of adipose tissue and high conductivity for blood and muscular tissue in fixed volume-weight parameters. Registration of biological tissue impedance complex parameters by contactless method with the help of induced ICM EMF in fixed volume of biological tissue uncovers the most important informative volumes to characterize morphofunctional condition of biological tissue namely X (L) / X (C).

Conclusion. Contactless method of biological tissue impedance measurement is more informative and dynamic and able to mirror morphologic features of organ’s tissue, since it does not depend from electric field divergence lines, electrode polarization and their localization, what takes place during contact method of impedance measurement. Contactless method of biological tissue impedance measurement can be applied as the base diagnostic method – dynamic volumogaraphy.

Aim. As is known, various stressful loads and their combination lead to unequal direction and degree of psychological and emotional instability. In this regard, one of the pressing issues becomes regulation and correction of psycho-emotional conditions of the person in the complicated conditions of activity, such as athletes during training and competition. To develop appropriate stress-corrective programs should their experimental validation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral activity of rats in the “open field” after dark or light deprivation and physical fatigue.

Materials and methods. The experimental study was performed on the 40 adult male rats “Wistar”. The experimental groups for 10 days were kept in an artificial bright light (150 lx) or darkness (2–3 lx) for the induction of desynchronozes. Method of forced swimming until complete exhaustion was chosen for the model of physical fatigue. The animals in all groups evaluated behavioral activity in the “open field” in daylight conditions after 24 h after swim test.

Results. It was established that in the control group in the terms of natural lighting day after 5 days of daily physical activity occurred depression of the active-search behavior in the “open field”. It was expressed in reducing the number of crossed squares and vertical struts in comparison to intact animals receiving no load. In the groups of animals, which kept in a dark or light deprivation until the presentation of the swim test there was an increase in passive-defensive behavior in the “open field”, which was reflected in an increase in acts of grooming and defecation. 

Activities of total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) and its bone isoform (BALP) was greater in groups of children and adolescents in the late posttraumatic period (pattern of reparative bone remodeling) and scoliosis (pathological bone remodeling), than in the control (healthy children and adolescents). The content of collagen type I degradation products (CrossLaps) peripheral blood practically was unchanged. Examined group with posttraumatic period had high activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase form (TRACP). TALP activity reached minimum values in all the studied groups. In the process of children growing to 15–18 years old, as compared to 7–10 years old, reducing activity of remodeling was observed under physiological (healthy donors) and reparative osteogenesis. It’s changes was recorded by significant decrease of the studied indicators. On the contrary, children 15–18 years old with scoliosis had maximum of the imbalance (activation/inhibition of various signs of osteogenesis) of resorptive/synthetic bone processes. Also, for this group we discovered decrease osteocalcin concentration of 4 times in comparison with the group children of 7–10 years old. The detected growth of the correlations number in the correlation matrix of bone remodeling markers in case of scoliosis proposes the reduction of adaptation reserve of 15–18 years old adolescents, suffering from dysplasia of connective tissue. Thus, the pathophysiological and clinical significance of distant markers of bone metabolism screening in peripheral blood the is ambiguous. The interpretation of these indicators is difficult and largely depends on the clinical situation and age of patients. This requires improving the diagnostic approach to assess physiological and pathological remodeling of bone tissue by means of biochemical blood indicators. 

The aim of research – the study of cardioprotective properties of antioxidants in terms of histotoxic hypoxia under experimental conditions.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 20 adult male Wistar rats divided into 3 experimental groups, which for 7 days were intraperitoneally injected aqueous CoCl2 solution at a dose of 60 mg/kg. Rats of the first experimental group (n = 6) had no administered drug correction, a the second group of animals (n = 7) after the cobalt chloride daily injections was administered intragastrically Enoant Premium aqueous solution at a dose of 2.5 ml / kg, along with 0.05 ml of water, the rats the third test group (n = 7) after the administration of cobalt chloride were exposed to cytoflavin correction concentrate and grape polyphenols administered simultaneously. Studies of myocardium were conducted using light and electron microscopy.

Results of the research. The result of the cobalt toxic effect on the heart of animals in experiments lead to the development of cardiomyopathy, which required timely cardioprotection. Morphological changes in the second group of rats, despite a slight improvement compared with the group without correction,were characterized, above all, by uneven from mild to severe edema of the myocardium. Structure of myocardium observed in the third group of male rats after cobalt intoxication, generally reflected a tendency to minimization of the extent of the damage, which was manifested in the form of normalization of cell structures and muscle fibers.

Conclusion. The administration of succinic acid derivatives combined with the grape polyphenols demonstrated vivid cytoprotective properties evidenced by mostly preserved myocardium structure in rats exposed to histotoxic hypoxia in comparison to only administration of plant polyphenols group. 

Aim. The complex assessment of the level of physical health of schools graduates is presented in the article.

Materials and methods. We studied the condition of the first-year students who were assigned to the main medical group. Their physical and psychofunctional condition was estimated using morphological, functional, psychophysiological parameters and the indicators of physical preparedness.

Results. Morfofunctional level of the health of the youths who entered higher educational institution was at the average level according to the age-sex norms. At the same time physical preparedness of young men and girls corresponded to satisfactory level, but endurance, the major physical parameter reflecting the general level of working capasity of the person, was below an average. The psychophysiological status of the majority of surveyed was characterized by the optimum force and mobility of nervous processes, good level of social and psychological adaptation, resistance to stress, semantic and image memory. The indicator of anxiety was significantly lower and resistance to stress and adaptation higher in young men than those in girls. 

Aim. The effect of hypoxia on the electrical and contractile activities of smooth muscles cells (SMCs) of the guinea pig ureter was studied by the method of the double sucrose bridge.

Materials and methods. This method allows registering simultaneously parameters of the action potential (AP) and the contraction of SMCs, caused by an electrical stimulus.

Results. It was found that lowering the oxygen content in the perfusion solution for 10 min resulted to an increase of electrical and contractile activity of ureteral SMCs. Addition of tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA, 5 mM) – nonselective blocker of potassium membrane conductance – in hypoxic conditions causing an additional increase in the amplitude of the AP, duration of the AP plateau and the contractile responses of smooth muscles. Thus, the hypoxia decreased the potassium membrane conductance of ureteral SMCs. Inhibition of the effect of the α1 -adrenergic receptors agonist phenylephrine (PE, 10 mM) on the electrical and contractile properties of SMCs in hypoxic condition indicate the involvement of the protein kinase C-dependent signaling system in effects of hypoxia. Pretreatment of ureteral smooth muscles with bumetanide (100 mM) – selective inhibitor of Na+,K+,2Cl- - cotransporter (NKCC) – caused a decrease of the activating effect of hypoxia on the SMCs of guinea pig ureter.

Conclusion.Thus, the impact of hypoxia on the regulation of electrical activity and contractions of smooth muscles of guinea pig ureter may be due to changes in ion permeability of membranes SMCs and operation of ion-transporting systems. 

Aim. We studied the basic biomechanical principles of physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy.

Materials and methods. Methods of Motion Tracking and electromyography investigated the biomechanical characteristics of gait in children with cerebral palsy. It is shown that the main differences between dynamic stereotype walk pediatric patients is to delay moving forward center of gravity and the disorganization of the lower limb movements (especially knee) in the vertical plane. Prevailing flexion - leading position of the lower extremities during locomotion cycle associated with limitation of motion in the hip joint, offset by an increase swinging body, weakening activity in the rear shock phase and its sharp increase in the fourth phase. Changes in the structure of the movement of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities can be considered as compensatory. Characteristically excessive involvement in the locomotion of the calf muscles and the rectus muscles of the back, with the central mechanisms gipersinhronizatsii activity of motor units are the primary mechanism for adaptation in a group of children that are capable of self-locomotion.

Results. As a result of the research it shows that in motor rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy should include the following elements: exercise to maintain the body balance when performing arm movements, exercises for coordination of hand movements, including motor brushes, exercises to increase mobility in the hip joints and in the back, exercises designed to exercise the calf muscles, the front thigh muscles and the rectus muscles of the back, massage to relieve hyper calf muscles. 

The purpose of research – to study the features of the functioning of the cardiovascular system and regulatory mechanisms of the young athletes of different heights.

Materials and methods. The study included athletes aged 15-16 (32 girls and 36 boys) engaged in competitive sports. To study the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system using mathematical methods and spectral analysis of heart rate variability. To characterize the vegetative support the circulatory apparatus, all subjects performed an active orthostatic test.

Results. The features of vegetative maintenance of heart activity in tall athletes: stress regulatory mechanisms observed resting in tall men and decrease the functionality of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system during active orthostatic test in athletes of different sex. Athletes tall urgent adaptation of the cardiovascular system to changing external conditions associated with activation of suprasegmental divisions of the autonomic nervous system and the excessive activation of the sympathetic division, which is an inefficient way of adaptation.

Conclusion. Thus, high growth is evident not only in the increase of total size of the body of athletes, but also in the peculiarities of morphofunctional state involved, indicating the need of individual rationing of loads for tall players. The revealed morphofunctional characteristics of the organism tall athletes allow us to recommend an increase in the proportion of aerobic exercise to enhance the adaptive capacities of the organism. 

Aim. To establish peculiarity of the influence of gonarthrosis on kinematics indices of the knee joint at people at the age of 45–60 with the help of markless motion method.

Materials and methods. In the research 81 people took part. In the group of the control entered 42 people without symptomatic evidences of gonarthrosis, in the experimental group – 39 people with gonarthrosis of the 1 and 2 degrees at the age of 40 to 65. With the help of the markless motion method and software Brekel Pro Body» was made biomechanical analysis of the kinematics of knee joints.

Results. It is established that people at the age of 40 to 65, suffering with gonarthrosis have authentically more angular moments of lateral mode of motions and rotations in knee joints.

Conclusion. Under analysis of the kinematics of knee joints, between the control and the experimental groups were fixed significant differences (t-test, p < 0,01). Besides there were fixed differences between dominant and non-dominant limbs, which mean that the force of muscles of lower limbs can also be a modificative factor, which influences on the strain in joints that potentially can lead to the development and/or advance of degenerative damage in the knee joint. 

The purpose of the research was to study the influence of hydrogen sulfide donor NaHS on red blood cells membrane potential changes caused by the activation of Ca2+ dependent K+ channels in the presence of calcium ionophore or artificial electron donor system ascorbate phenazine methosulfate.

Materials and methods. We used the packed erythrocytes obtained from venous blood of 25 healthy volunteers at the age of 20-27 years. Registration of the membrane potential of erythrocytes in the presence of Ca2+ ionophore (A23187) or artificial electron donor system ascorbate – FMS was performed with potentiometric method based on the fact that in the presence of the protonophore distribution of H + depends on the membrane potential Em like as Em = RT/F (pHi – pH0 ). Here pHi and pH0 are pH of the incubation medium and cytoplasm, respectively. An amplitude of hyperpolarizing response (HR) was calculated as an integral characteristic of Ca2+-dependent permeability for K+.

Results. The addition of NaHS at concentrations from 0.2 mM to 0.005 mM into the cells incubation medium caused a change in the amplitude of hyperpolarizing response of erythrocyte membranes induced by both methods. In the presence of 0.005 mM NaHS the amplitude of A23187-dependent HR increased significantly, whereas the amplitude of the redox-dependent HR decreased. Suppression of A23187-dependent HR in the presence of higher concentrations of NaHS was more pronounced than the suppression of the amplitude of redox-dependent response. The amplitude of A23187-dependent HR increased under the joint action of hydrogen sulfide and the blocker of Na+, K+, 2Cl- -cotransport (NKCC) bumetanide, and the amplitude of redox-dependent HR decreased in comparison with the parameters obtained in the absence of a blocker.

Conclusion. It is found that hydrogen sulfide exerts a modulatory effect on K (Ca2+) - channels of erythrocyte membrane. The effect of H2 S depends on the method of activation of the studied channels. A23187-dependent HR was more sensitive to H2S in comparison to redox-induced HR of erythrocyte membrane. The effect of NaHS on the amplitude of the HR in the presence of NKCC blocker bumetanide also depended on the method of stimulation of channels. 

Materials and methods. Regularities of movement patterns in the body control the flight phase of the athletes on the example of the long jump were studied by methods of Motion Tracking and electromyography. The findings suggest that a significant difference of motor stereotypes underlying the performance of motor actions – the long jump – in different skill athletes.

Results. In the initial phase (phase jumping) differences between the groups are small - repulsion athletes perform in a similar manner, a core group of athletes with a more efficient use of the reserve of the work of the knee. The nature of the work the leg muscles in athletes of both groups in this phase is also not different. However, the further execution of motor actions in athletes of both groups occurs in different ways. Athletes of the control group did not perform virtually control the body in flight phase. This is evidenced primarily high tone muscles in the arms, back and neck throughout the flight phase. Movements are performed only in the knee and hip joints, and already in the phase of “hang-up” – the highest point of the flight path - these movements have focused on the preparation for landing.

Conclusions. Athletes of the main group in the flight phase involve the full range of movements - flexion and extension are performed as in the shoulder and elbow joints, as well as in the neck and spine joints. All these movements are designed to increase the range of jumps - this contributes to the removal of the legs forward, and giving the body angular acceleration by the movement of legs and head. Preparation for landing is made directly before contact with the surface, but the very nature of the phase of flight allows the athlete to use the inertia of motion of the body as much as possible to lengthen the jump and thus facilitate shock absorption and retention of balance upon landing.

Formation movement patterns in the body control the flight phase of the athletes in the performance of the long jump is caused first of all a transformation of the dominant, defining the objective of motor actions - from a safe landing at the beginning to a maximum distance of the jump from qualified athletes. The result is a motor stereotype that includes only foot traffic at beginners, is complemented by the involvement of the movements of hands and body, reducing the degree of fixation of joints in high-skilled athletes. 

The aim of the study was to identify the characteristics of the alpha activity of the brain on the background of meditative psychological training, depending on experience and qualifications.

Materials and methods. Examined 30 volunteers of 25-45 years old, 12 men and 18 women. Depending on the experience of meditative practices, the participants were divided into three groups: a group with no experience of meditation (beginners), group practicing Kundalini yoga in General classes (1-3 times a week) – average level, and a group of professionals (yoga teachers, practicing for at least three years and having a daily practice). All participants did not had neurological and psychiatric diseases, and had no dependence on alcohol or drugs and was relatively healthy. A study was conducted of the electrical activity of the brain at rest, during and after the meditative psychological training. As a result we acquired data for the frontal, Central, occipital and temporal leads.

Results. Identified a number of changes of EEG parameters in the application of meditation techniques, which depended on the experience and qualifications of the subjects. Changes of alpha activity occur in all areas of the brain with the development of meditation techniques, whereas newcomers have changes mainly in the frontal region. The index of alpha-rhythm at rest is higher in groups with experience of meditation practice. The given material allows to recommend psychological training (meditation techniques of Kundalini yoga) to reduce the level of fatigue and correction of psycho-emotional excitation. 

In the next 20 years, the aging population will be a major factor affecting the characteristics of perioperative anesthesia tactics. Domestic researchers have reported that the incidence of cardiac complications after general surgical procedures in patients with middle and old age is 9.1%, and mortality in these complications reached 45.5%. Analyzed current data on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, the etiopathogenesis of perioperative cardiac complications, recurrence of their development and the possible consequences. It is concluded that prevention and timely treatment of complications resulting from ischemia-reperfusion of the myocardium, with noncardiac surgical interventions is an important tactical (prevention of perioperative myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, cardiac death) and policy (prevention of cardiac remodeling and post-hospital disability of patients) anaesthesiological tasks. Research carried out in the Nrgovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology showed that in the real practice Detsky index, Lee index and echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction did not provide high accuracy prediction of cardiac events. More informative proved preoperative determination of blood N-terminal part of the pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). In assessing the predictive ability of NT-proBNP area under the ROC-curve achieved 0.86. NT-proBNP value 358 pg/ml and above provided 77% sensitivity and 85% specificity. The comparative assessment and recommendations on the use to reduce the risk of cardiac complications of β-blockers, statins, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, clonidine, dexmedetomidine, levosimendan and phosphocreatine. Phosphocreatine, introduced in practice domestic cardiac surgery and transplantology more than 20 years ago, continues to be studied and used at the moment. Recently demonstrated that perioperative phosphocreatine usage appointment in older oncological patients with a high risk of cardiac complications reduces the incidence of acute ischemia and delirium, shortens the length of stay the intensive care unit and hospital stay. It was concluded that the reduction in the incidence of cardiac events has undoubted relevance with noncardiac operations. 

The article is dedicated to the outstanding Russian physiologist, pet of the Medical Faculty of the Tomsk Imperial University Kulyabko Alexei Alexandrovich, who was the first in the world who on the second of August 1902 revived the human heart after 20 hours after the child’s death which was caused by pneumonia. The were characterized the basic stages of life of this world famous physiologist, his teachers and colleagues, analyzed his scientific and pedagogical activity, revealed the significance of his scientific discoveries for modern intensive care, cardiac surgery and transplantation.