The paper describes the history of development of urology in Tomskand the Tomsk Region. After the foundation of the ImperialTomskUniversity, the first university behind the Ural Mountains, in 1878, urology began to develop at the Chair of Hospital Surgery. University professors E.G. Salishchev, P.I. Tikhov, N.I. Berezganovskii, N.A. Bogoraz, V.M. Mysh, A.G. Savinykh, V.M. Voskresenskii and others contributed a tremendous contribution to the development of urology. Since the course of urology was opened in 1959 by Prof. I.S. Petrov, the Clinic of the MedicalUniversitybecame an organizational-methodical center of the urological service of the Tomsk Region. The Clinic trained urologists for the municipal and regional health services. In 1976, and the independent course of urology was organized, and in 2002 the Urology Chair headed by Prof. A.V. Gudkov was founded.

The model of hyperactive detrusor was created on the base of earlier made models of disturbances of microcirculation and blood flow properties in experimental rates of Wister series. Study microcirculation and blood flow properties were performed either by analyser of flow properties ARP «Mednord» or laser analyser of blood flow «LAKK-02». 15 rates were studied. Urodynamic disturbances were disclosed along with abnormalities of microcirculation and blood flow properties.

To assess the relationship of main technical issues of electric nanopulse contact lithotripsy (CLT) with lithotripsy effectiveness and lithotripsy resources of probe.

Electric nanopulses were transmitted by the flexible probes and the lithotripter «Urolit». The relationship between lithotripsy effectiveness and tip diameter of probes, pulse energy, pulse frequency was assessed, and resources of lithotripsy probes with different diameters of the tip were analyzed.

Sufficient number of electric nanopulse to destroy stone models was less when tip diameter, nanopulse energy and frequency were greater.

Effectiveness of electric nanopulse CLT can be enhanced with the increase of nanopulse energy, frequency and probe diameter. Complex correction of technical issues of electric nanopulse CLT can be a way of probe resources saving.

Multimodality physiotherapy of chronic prostatitis complicated with erectile dysfunction, consisting of: EHF-puncture, sine-wave -pelotherapy of the penis zone, remedial gymnastics, iodic-bromine baths, and digital prostate massage was developed. Administration of the medical technology leaded up to reduction of inflammation in pelvic minor organs, improvement in penis microcirculation, and improvement in autonomic nervous systems state, enhancement of erectile function and improvement of quality of life of men.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical symptoms, features of morphological structure of prostate in patients with chronic recurrent prostatitis associated with chlamydial and mycoplasmal infections. 60 male patients were examined. Anamnesis and interview data, results of laboratory and instrumental tests were analyzed. In 73.3% of cases cultural test and PCR allowed to identify M. hominis, U. urealiticum, M. genitalium, C. trachomatis in patients with chronic uretheroprostatitis. Out of 16 patients (26,6% of all examined) with chronic recurrent uretheroprostatitis for whom neither chlamidial nor mycoplasmal infection was diagnosed by laboratory tests, for 14 patients (87,5%) it was confirmed that patogenic urogenital infectious agents were localized intracellularly. Pathomorphological investigation of prostate bioptates allowed to estimate the type and degree of specific changes in the prostate tissue in cases of recurrent uretheroprostatitis resistant to the therapy and with frequent relapses.

The article presents the experience of transrectal ultrasound research of muscles — levators (muscles that lift the anus) and prostate gland among 33 patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome using the method of duplex scanning. Changes in the speed characteristics of the vessels in the levators and prostate gland allow to specify the positive dynamics of therapeutic measures (in our case and after laser treatment) and so improve the quality of patients´ life.

The efficiency of the action of Likoprofit Potential biologically active additive (BAA) on microcirculation of penis in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) against the background of arterial hypertension has been studied. All the patients have passed the laser Doppler flowmetry, assessment of the index of male copulatory function and the international index of erectile function. The course of administration was three months. All the patients in 100% of cases had mild arterial hypertension. The patients of the main group had decreased libido (50%), lack of self-confidence (7%), weak spontaneous and adequate erections (21%), ejaculatory component (7%), orgasmic dysfunction (28%), increased period of sexual stimulation, decreased number and quality of coiti (100%). In patients with erectile dysfunction against the background of arterial hypertension, Likoprofit Potential produces the stimulating effect on CNS, spasmolytic action on penis vessels, and improves hemodynamics in cavernous bodies of penis. The number of patients’ complains have decreased, the psycho-emotional state has improved, and the satisfaction of the sex life has appeared. The patients’ microcirculation has improved as well.

Considering the high incidence of renal impairment in metabolic syndrome (MS), an analysis of electrolyte metabolism was performed in 112 patients preoperatively and 53 patients postoperatively. Aldosterone level, adrenocorticotropic hormone level, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level, cortisol level, β₂-microglobulin level, serum vasopressin level, urinary microalbumin level measurements were taken as a combined patient assessment procedure. MS patients were found to demonstrate a decrease in circadian amounts of urea, potassium, sodium and chlorides excretion. An increase in vasopressin production and an enhancement of microalbumin excretion were detected. The specified disturbances developed as «a vicious circle»: fluid retention resulted in heperfiltration, with renal dysfunction leading to a deteriorated hydro-electrolyte imbalance. An improvement of circadian electrolyte excretion rates, as well as a decline in vasopressin and cortisol levels, occurred due to a reduction of abdominal fat volume.

We have studied water-electrolyte metabolism indicators and its main hormones-regulators in 32 patients with transitional cell tumour of the urinary bladder of T2a—T2b stages before and after radical cystectomy with ileocystoplasty. The most significant changes in water-electrolyte metabolism indicators have been identified during studies on 24-hour urinary excretion: a significantly large preoperative potassium ion concentration was noted in patients with urinary bladder cancer. Following cystectomy, it decreased to 67%. Postoperative urine osmolarity decreased to 45%, excreting sodium fraction increased to 50% (р < 0,05). Preoperative vasopressin concentration was higher than that in the control group while postoperative one increased to 22%. Following cystectomy, the adrenocorticotrophic hormone level decreased to 29%. Preoperatively, the hydrocortisone level in the basic group was higher than that in the control one. It decreased to 16%, postoperatively. Excretion disorders of osmotic active substances in patients with urinary bladder cancer are due to both reabsorption properties of the intestinal wall and disorders of synthesis and tissue effects of hormones regulating water-electrolyte metabolism.

Urolithiasis is one of the most common urologic diseases, and 50% of patients with urolithiasis have ureteral stones. As with ureterolitiaze and in contact lithotripsy has been established development of glomerular and tubular dysfunction, which causes up to 9% of complications. Investigation of the parameters water-electrolyte metabolism carried out 52 patients with urolithiasis before and after contact ureterolitotripsi. Once installed KLT increase in glomerular filtration rate by 61% of the daily creatinine excretion — a 43% urea — 21%, sodium — 28%, chlorides — 55%, the concentration of ACTH — 53% of cortisol — 11%. In the urine increases the concentration of indicators of the glomerular and tubular dysfunction mikroalbumina 3 times, β2-microglobulin was 4,5 times, Ngala was 58%. The identified changes areapparently caused by intrarenal mechanisms only, because the major hormonal systems that regulate water and electrolyte metabolism, did not significantly change the parameters of its operation.

Macro- and microscopic structural features of human urolyths have been studied to reveal the relation between organic and inorganic components and the role of the latter in the process of urolyth formation and growth. The combined study of the shape, color, surface, mineral and organic composition, and internal structure and zoning of 788 urolyths has been performed. Crystallomorphological, polarization-optical, X-ray-diffraction, electron-microscopic, chemical, neutron-activation, and computer technologies of study of the urolyth structure have been used. It has been found that macroscopic characteristics of uroluths (color, shape, surface, and size) did not reflect the chemical composition of urolyths. In the structure of abundance of urolyths in Tomskand the Tomsk Region, oxalates (58%) and urolyths of complex mineral composition (29%)  prevail. It has been found that an urolyth is an organomineral aggregate having the internal structure formed by a rhythm of alternation of organic and inorganic layers and the character of arrangement of individual mineral crystals, and the internal structure is independent of the chemical composition of the urolyth and  uniform in urolyths of different chemical composition. The most part of urolyths has a mixed (44%) or druzy (35%) type of crystal arrangement and the  combined (45%) or grainy (31%) rhythm of alternation of organic and inorganic components.

The impact of erectile dysfunction on psychoemotional state of patients undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery was evaluated. The International Index of Erectile Function, postcompression cavernous artery dilation test, nocturnal penile tumescence recording and psychophysiological exam were used. It was found that ischemic heart disease patients have higher incidence of associated psychoemotional and erectile dysfunctions.

The state of the art of the problem of bone pathology in children is described. The surgical correction of such diseases, as congenital chest distortion, dysplastic coxarthrosis, and brittle bone is considered. An original method of surgical treatment of these diseases with the use of titanium nickelide materials is proposed. Advantages of these materials are their biointertness and high strength. High corrosion resistance, good compatibility with organism tissues in combination with the increased  (for porous materials) plasticity allow this material to be used as an implant in various medical fields, in particular, in pediatric surgery.

Disturbances of urodynamics, microcirculation and aggregative state of blood were studied in patients with neurogenic urocyst dysfunction according to hyper reflex type. The study were performed by MBN device — uroflowanalyser, flow properties analyser ARP-01 Mednord ans laser analyser of transcapillary flow Lakk-02. 56 children were studied. The diagnostic scheme was worked out. Microcirculation and blood flow properties disturbances were disclosed along with urodynamic ones.

In Study at 120 Diabetes Mellitus II type men the high frequency Obesity (71,7%) and Androgen Deficiency (52,8—64,5% of the patients depending on a degree of the indemnification) and them pathogenic authentic communications were shown. The blood level of total testosterone was represented by the critical factor of Prostatic arterial Blood Circulation. Obesity and Androgen Deficiency are seem as independent risk factors to development of ischemic prostatopathy, such as Prostatic blood circulation Disorders can develop earlier than other variants of the diabetic microangiophaty.

The venous drainage from reproductive organs of rats is described; new data on peculiarities of the venous drainage are obtained.

Objects of study were adult Wistar white rats (20 animals). The animals have passed precision dissection of vessels in order to study anatomic peculiarities of venous drainage from the left spermary in male rats and internal genital organs in female rats in norm. It has been shown that the venous drainage from the left spermary follows the spermatic vein entering into the pampiniform plexus system, which continues into the single venous trunk, which, in its turn, divides into the ascending and descending veins. The descending vein runs into the common left iliac vein, while the ascending vein runs into the renal vein. The venous drainage from female reproductive organs follows through the uterine vein, which, taking the tubal and spermatic veins, runs from the left into the left renal vein and from the right into the caudal vena cava.

In the Modern Literary Review the newest pathogenic theories of interrelation between widespread somatic pathology — Metabolic Syndrome — and Androgen Deficiency and low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) at men are considered. Metabolic Syndrome while is poorly familiar practical Urologists. However, they should be informed on an essential role of specified Hormonal and Metabolic factors in Pathogenesis of LUTS at men, as the new understanding of methodology of Urological diseases is possible today only on a joint of specialities.

A total of 40 chemonaive patients with invasive transitional cell carcinoma received gemcitabine 2 400 mg/m² on days 1, 8 and 15 plus cisplatin 100 mg/m² on day 2 as a presurgery treatment. Cisplatin in a single dose of 20 mg/m² administered into pubic. Grade 3 hematologic toxicity was in 27,5% of patients. The effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 73%.

Trichomonasis diagnostics in 326 men with chronic prostatitis was performing. Trichomonas vaginalis was seen in 31,5% and 60,7% together with pyrogenal provocation. Trichomonas vaginalis was detected in 158 (48,5%) by microscopy, in 90 (27,6%) by direct immunofluorescence assay, in 24 (7,4%) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 6 (1,8%) polymerase chain reaction. Polymerase chain reaction demonstrated lowest sensitiveness.

Based on the experience of photodynamic diagnosis with a photosensitizer «Alasens» during the execution of open and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were obtained and analyzed the clinical results of the study. The method of photodynamic diagnostics enables intraoperative detection of tumor-affected areas of the bed of the prostate with subsequent resection. The method is promising for reducing the incidence of positive surgical margins.

The combination of α₁ adrenoceptor blocking agent and phosphodiesterase  inhibitor of 5^th type is efficient in treatment of women with hyperactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence, which was proved by the studies of urodynamic and microcirculation of mucous coat of bladder.

The results of treatment of acute epididymitis is analyzed. The materials were 101 patients aged 17 years, catamnesis followed in terms of 1 to 10 years. We used a conservative, surgical and puncture treatment method proposed by the authors. Analyzed clinical, ultrasound and Doppler sonography parameters. It is shown that best results are obtained with conservative treatment, the results of treatment are comparable to puncture them for efficiency, with surgical intervention results are less satisfactory.

Treatment results (2005—2009) for patients with invasive (N=104) urinary bladder carcinoma were analyzed. Molecular genetic analysis of cytochrome gene P450 polymorphous locus carried out: CYP1А1 (A2455G), СYP1A2 (T-2464delT), Glutathione S-transferase: GSTM1 (del), GSTP1 (A313G); DNA reparation: XRCC1 (G28152A) for patients with invasive urine bladder carcinoma with and without lymphogenic metastases was carried out. Genotypes associated with lyphogenic metastasis risk were identified.

In work the way of conservative therapy of men with prostate adenoma I—II of a stage with use of a combination of Doksazozina and Indigala different antioxidantiv, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties that has allowed to improve urodynamic indicators is offered and to slow down progressing prostate adenoma, having reduced to a minimum undesirable effects of treatment.

Oncological morbidity among the male workers of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises (SGCE) in 1970—2005 was studied. Increased related risk (in comparison with the standard) of malignant neoplasms of resiratory and digestive tract, urinary ways and genitals was found. On the basis of the received results proposals on perfection of system of health protection of the man's personnel of the enterprises of nuclear branch are made.

Study of risk acute myocardial infarction (AMI) development in persons (80,2% males) exposed to long-term low doses ionizing radiation and chemical factors.

Prospective cohort study of AMI morbidity in period 1998—2006 among the personal, exposed to long-term professional radiation and chemical factors.

Risk AMI development increase in group of male personel exposed combined radiation and chemical factors. The obtained results indicate that possible summation of «traditional» AMI development risk factors and radiation factor negative influence on endothelial tissue.

According to the literature data, up to 30—40% of patients who underwent radical cysrectomy for cancer of the urinary bladder suffer from diverse types of urinary incontinence. The current methods of treatment of urinary incontinence are not very effective due to frequent recurrences requiring repeated and more complicated surgical interventions. The perspective method of rehabilitation of patients with urinary incontinence is doing physical exercises for the pelvic muscles.

The article presents data on possibility of the application of the method of finite elements (FEM) in the mathematical modeling of various diseases of the organs of the urogenital system, their diagnostics and treatment. Special attention was paid to the prospects of application of FEM for modelling methods of surgical treatment of diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract.