The biography of famous native scientist, doctor of medical sciences, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head of Pathophysiology Department of Siberian State Medical University Professor V.V. Novitsky, has been prezented. The main directions of scientific and public activity of the scientist are shown.

Aim. Investigated the activity of methylethylpiridinol (6-methyl-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ol hydrochloride) in the comprehensive treatment of the experimental bacterial infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. At the first stage of the study (in vitro) studied the effect of methylethylpiridinol in concentrations 0,25–4 mM on the growth of the strain and the activity of the sublethal concentrations of antibiotics – gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ceftazidime. In the second stage of the study (in vivo) in rats Wistar simulated bacterial peritonitis by intraperitoneal injection of a suspension of Klebsiella pneumoniae and investigated the effect of methylethylpiridinol (80 mg/kg) on the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy with gentamicin (30 mg/kg), ciprofloxacin (50 mg/kg), ceftazidime (120 mg/kg) or tetracycline (80 mg/kg). The animal blood plasma was determined ceruloplasmin concentration (marker of the intensity of infectious-inflammatory process) and thiobarbiturate-jet products, erythrocytes – the concentration of reduced glutathione, catalase and glutathione peroxidase.

Results. It is found that a methylethylpiridinol inhibits the development of periodic bacterial cultures, but exhibits a pronounced antagonism with respect to gentamicin. Antioxidant slightly increases the activity of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The bacteriostatic effect of antioxidant reduces the action of ceftazidime in vitro. In conditions of chemotherapy by using of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin additional injection of methylethylpiridinol leads to the preservation of ceruloplasmin level to the level of non-treated animals without showing the antioxidant effect. Ceftazidime exhibits antioxidant effect, reduces the introduction of methylethylpiridinol. The antioxidant properties of methylethylpiridinol did not appear in the application of tetracycline.

Conclusion. Comparison of results in vitro and in vivo confirmed irrationality of using of methylethylpiridinol in chemotherapy with gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime or tetracycline for correction of peroxidation in experimental infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methylethylpiridinol in experimental chemotherapy has no law-governed effect on free radical oxidation, and when applied gentamicin may cause reduction the effectiveness of chemotherapy, confirmed in vitro.

Quality of care is evaluated on the completeness of the survey, the correct diagnosis, treatment efficacy, and its duration. Improving the quality and efficiency of medical care for children with paroxysmal disorders of consciousness is one of topical problems of neurology.

Aim. The aim of the work is to justify the relationship between improving the quality of health care and sustainable development in the modern conditions of specialized medical centers on the example of the work on the identification and treatment of children with paroxysmal disorders of consciousness of the Center for diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy, and sleep disorders in children and adolescents at the department neurology, neurosurgery and medical genetics SPbGPMU.

Materials and methods. For more accurate diagnosis and treatment at the Center conducted a comprehensive examination, including video-EEG оf 527 children aged 1 month to 18 years. A clinical trial study included medical cases, assessment of neurological and somatic status, the study of seizure types and forms of the disease. Instrumental methods of examination were determined by EEG and MRI studies of the brain.

Main results. Comprehensive survey of sick children with monitoring video-EEG revealed that 317 children (60,1%) had epileptic paroxysms and 210 children (39,8%) – non-epileptic paroxysms. Correction treatment was performed in 284 (89,5%) children with epileptic paroxysms and altered the treatment in 190 (90,4%) children with epileptic paroxysms.

Conclusion. The presented clinical data show the high effectiveness of the Centre in the diagnosis and treatment of children with paroxysmal disorders of consciousness. The accumulated experience in the Center confirms the relevance of the creation of the structure of scientific and educational institutions specialized centers in which patients will be given to high-quality medical care.

Aim. In experiments in vitro and in vivo it was investigated the effect of isoflavone 7-O-gentiobiozide formononetin (GBF) isolated from the roots of the plant Maackia аmurensis (Maackia amurensis Rupr. et Maxim.), on the processes of vascular-platelet and coagulation hemostasis.

Materials and methods. In experiments using blood of healthy human plasma in concentrations of GBF 1,0–50,0 mM promoted dose-dependently ADP-induced weakening of platelet aggregation. Since the concentration of 10,0 mM GBF induced hypocoagulative changes in blood plasma, comparable with the effect of 0,2–0,5 IU/ml heparin. Revealed hypocoagulative effect was confirmed in the application thromboelastometry, showing pronounced hypocoagulation and a significant reduction in fibrin formation dynamics.

Results. In chronic GBF oral administration to rats at a dose of 25 mg/kg was fixed almost a 10-fold reduction in ADP-induced platelet aggregation, with increased content of these cells in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, in these conditions, there was a pronounced effect of GBF’s hypocoagulation which was implemented in inhibiting reactions inner and outer tracks of blood clotting, reducing the rate of formation of fibrin and its mechanical density.

Conclusion.Thus, in experiments in vitro and in vivo for the first time revealed the ability of isoflavone 7-O-gentiobiozideformononetin extracted from the roots Maackia amurensis, inhibit the processes of vascularplatelet and coagulation hemostasis. This fact is of great practical importance, because it opens the prospective of the development of a new drug that can reduce the risk of thrombosis in various cardiovascular diseases.

Introduction. Currently, clinical trials (CT) remain the only technology, which provides proof of efficacy and safety of new drugs and their subsequent release to the market. Medical researcher and informed consent (IC) are the main (and often the only) source of information for the patient about the upcoming clinical trials, and thus have a direct impact on the perception of clinical trials, and on the patient’s decision about participation. However, the degree of influence of these factors on the clinical trials participants still remains unclear.

Materials and methods. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in different cities of the Russian Federation. Patients who had previous experience in CTs (or were enrolled in a CT at the time of this study) were asked to complete a questionnaire.

Results. To assess the impact of researcher, all respondents were divided into 2 groups: patients that acquainted with IC in collaboration with the researcher, and the other group, which reviewed IC form independently. We evaluated the importance of the factors influencing the decision-making process on participation in clinical trials. According to our data, the most important factors were professional monitoring services (3,72 ± 1,00), regular condition monitoring (3,66 ± 0,98), and better medical care (3,62 ± 1,00). These factors were evaluated at significantly lower score by group of patients that acquainted with IC together with the researcher (3,55 ±0,94, vs 4,01 ± 0,90, p = 0,002; 3,52 ± 1,01 vs 3,87 ± 0,90, p = 0,040; 3,49 ± 0,94, vs 3,83 ± 1,06, p = 0,020 respectively). In assessing the factors that had negative impact on the interest in participating in a clinical trial, the most significant were risk of side effects (3,01 ± 1,27), study of new medication (2,68 ± 1,21), and the risk of getting into the placebo group (2,64 ± 1,34) (so-called “objective” risk factors). At the same time, risk of side effects and risk of getting into the placebo group were also assessed at significantly lower score by 

group of patients that acquainted with IC together with the researcher (2,87 ± 1,28, vs 3,33 ± 1,17, p = 0,024; 2,51 ±1,25, vs 3,03 ± 1,34, p = 0,022 respectively). Furthermore, it was found that in the case of the researcher’s assistance acquaintance time with IC reduced threefold. We also evaluated the effect of the complexity of IC text on the decision-making process on participation in clinical trials. The group of respondents, who rated the IC as easy, appeared to be more interested in the final results of the study.

Conclusion. Thus, when assessing the impact of the researcher on the review process of informed consent with the decision to participate in clinical trials, we found that in the case of assistance of the researcher, the acquaintance time with IC is reduced three times. In addition, this group of patients during the conversation with the researcher shows better and more clear understanding of the nature and general methodology of clinical trials, resulting in an adequate assessment “objective” risk factors for participation in clinical trials. Thus, this group of patients is more informed, compared with an “independent” group. According to the study “Face to Face”, we can recommend mandatory participation of a researcher during review process of the IC.

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of osteopenia and its relationship with combined orthodontic and somatic disorders in adolescents to build a working model of the formation of osteopenia, identifying the most significant risk factors.

Materials and methods. 525 grade 5–10 schoolchildren from Lugansk’ secondary schools and orphans school aged 12–17 years were examined. We assessed the state of dental hard tissues and periodontal tissues, the state of oral health, the prevalence of different types of dentoalveolar anomalies (DAA) and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (CDGIT). Bone mineral density was assessed by ultrasound osteodensitometry (SONOST-2000). The level of mineralization of the skeleton was assessed by speed of sound (SOS, m/s), it depends on the degree of elasticity and density of the bone tissue. We analyzed the performance – Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA) – broadband absorption, dB/MHz), it’s characterized by loss of the intensity of the ultrasound in the absorption medium, as well as the number, size and spatial orientation of the trabecular bone. The statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out with application program package Statistic 6.0.

Results. During study the combined pathology as the dentoalveolar anomalies and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract were identified in 68,4% of adolescents. Light form of osteopenia met in every third patient with combined pathology. Certain combinations of factors that have a negative effect to bone mineral density were discovered, and we have created the model of osteopenia in adolescents. Underweight is one of the leading factors in the osteopenia development, the highest incidence of osteopenia were in children who had weight deficit (69,5%), and children with a harmonic age loss of the weight and growth parameters (70,7%).

Conclusion. Adolescents with DAA and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract should be monitored bone condition even in stable remission basic physical illness.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency tympanic membrane traumatic defect silicone disc shielding in combination with endaural laser therapy depending on the defect location.

Materials and methods. The paper analyzes the results of treatment of 50 patients. The first group (25 people) – had a defect in frontal quadrant, the second group (25 people) – in rear forated silicone disk and endaural laser therapy. Each patient received six three-minute radiation sessions. A single biological dose was 50 J/cm2, the total of 300 J/cm2.

Results and discussion. Tympanic membrane defect area was evaluated in each group in dynamics. In the first group before the start of treatment, the average perforations area was (14,2 ± 0,93) mm2, and in the second group (18,6 ± 2,31) mm2. After three months of first group observation in 2 (8%) patients tympanic membrane remained defective and the average area was (3,4 ± 071) mm2. The second group the perforation observed in 1 (4%) patient and average area was (2,8 ± 0,63) mm2 area. The differences in groups were considered statistically significant. The average duration of restoration tympanic membrane integrity in first group was (16 ± 5) days, the second group (11 ± 3) days. The differences in groups were considered statistically significant (t = –3,3; p = 0,003).

Conclusion. Thus, posterior quadrants tympanic membrane traumatic perforations demonstrated more favorable prognosis in terms of convalescence.

Objective: to study the value of the glycemic index (GI) diets in men of Novosibirsk, the link it with nutritional factors and assessment of the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS). A cross-sectional study was carried out in the framework of the international project HAPIEE, random representative sample of the unorganized
population of Novosibirsk included 3699 men without diabetes.

Materials and metods. Assessment of the actual power – frequency method. To calculate the GI diets used data from the International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load, as well as data published Lobykinoy E.N. et al. The criteria for the metabolic syndrome were made in accordance with the Russian national guidelines All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology. For comparison accepted criteria National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III, 2001). Statistical analysis performed using the application package SPSS.11.5 (Bonferroni test procedure GLM). Estimation of odds ratios was performed using binary logistic regression in quartiles of glycemic index. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0,05. The average glycemic index diets (M ± SD) in men Novosibirsk averaged 55,2 ± 3,3, the minimum value of the first quartile – 50,8 ± 2,4 and a maximum value in the fourth – 58,9 ± 1,3. Against the background of lower-GI group first quartile, the proportion of persons with obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia was significantly greater than in the quartile with the highest GI. Accordingly, the odds ratio (OR) the risk of metabolic syndrome in the fourth quartile minimum: OR = 0,70 (CI 0,58; 0,84; p < 0,001) (criteria All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology) and OR = 0,69 (CI 0,54; 0,88; p < 0,001) (criteria NCEP-ATP III, 2001). Under the first quartile of the GI is set higher consumption of animal products and atherogenic saturated fatty acids.

Conclusion. Against the background of higher consumption of animal products, fats in general, better consumption profile group of plant products in the first quartile reduces GI diet, but not the risk of developing MS. There is evidence that high intake of fat, including Meat and meat products leads to the risk of developing MS. Along with recommendations to reduce sugar consumption, increase the number of products with “slow” carbohydrates, should strengthen the nutrition component of the fat correction. Particular attention should be paid to reduce salt intake.

Purpose. To study influence of experimental salpingectomy on morphofunctional state of ovaries in different terms of postoperative period.

Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on mature female rats. The main group consisted of 20 rats with removed oviducts, the control group – 20 intact rats. Rats were euthanized at 2nd, 10th, 30th and 60th days of experiment. Paraffin slides of ovaries were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and with Van Gieson’s stain. Histological and morphoquantitative investigations were performed.

Results. Hemodynamic and exudative disorders, such as leukocyte infiltration focuses in cortex and medulla, stasis of blood cells and leukocytes boundary distance, occur in early terms after bilateral removal of oviducts. On the 2nd day the number of growing follicle increases, most of them have atresia sights. On the 60th day the number of growing follicles decreases and the number of atretic bodies increases. The process of collagen formation enhances.

Conclusion. The experimental salpingectomy leads to the deorganization of gonads, interruption of the follicular growing, intensification of atretic processes.

Objective. Evaluation in vitro of the mechanisms of the hypolipidemic effect of sesquiterpene γ-lactone achilline in the hepatoma tissue culture (HTC).

Materials and methods.The influence of sesquiterpene γ-lactone achilline and gemfibrozil (comparison drug) on the viability, lipid content and expression of key genes of lipid metabolism in the hepatoma tissue culture. The lipid content was assessed by fluorescent method with the vital dye Nile Red, the cell viability was assessed using MTT assay.

Results. Cultivation of of cell cultures of rat’s hepatoma cell line HTC for 48 h with achilline in a concentration of from 0.25 to 1.0 mm and gemfibrozil from 0,25 to 0,5 mm did not change cell viability compared to control. In these same concentrations of the test substance reduced the lipid content in the cells, assessed by fluorescent method with the vital dye Nile Red. To study the mechanism of hypolipidemicaction of achillinedetermined the expression of key genes of lipid metabolism in cell culture lines HTC. The possible mechanism of hypolipidemic action of achilline can be attributed to the increased transport and oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in mitochondria, as evidenced by the increase in the gene expression of carnitine-palmitoyltransferase 2 (Cpt2). The decrease in cholesterol level may be due to increased synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol, due to increased gene expression of 7-alphahydroxylase (Cyp7a1).

Conclusion. In cell cultures of rat’s hepatoma cell line HTC sesquiterpene γ-lactone achilline reduces the accumulation of lipids in cells, as evidenced by the decrease in the fluorescence of Nile Red, increased gene expression of the carnitine-palmitoyltransferase 2 (Cpt2) gene and 7-alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1).

Аim.The incidence of cardioesophageal cancer has been steadily increasing over the past few decades, posing significant diagnostic challenges.

Materials and metods. X-ray examination remains the primary imaging modality for the initial diagnosis of gastric tumors. However, the modern imaging techniques, such as ultrasound (US) and spiral computed tomography (SCT) are needed to assess the extent of tumor invasion into the gastric wall and adjacent organs as well as lymph node involvement and metastatic spread.

Conclusion.The role of US and SCT in diagnostic imaging of cardioesophageal cancer was studied and the examination algorithm using US and SCT with conventional X-rays was offered.

Introduction. Domestic antioxidant drugs series «Gistohrom®» are based on the marine natural compounds echinochrome A. «Gistohrom®»activates cell energy metabolism and protein synthesis, increases the body’s endurance under extreme physical exertion. The aim of the research was to study effect of different «Gistohrom®» doses on the physical endurance rats.

Material and Methods The male Wistar rats were ranked into three groups: group 1 (n = 17) and group 2 (n = 15) for 10 days subcutaneously treated «Gistohrom®» on doses 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively, while the control group (n = 20) received the same quantity of saline injections. Physical endurance (efficiency) was evaluated by the test swim.

Results Repeated exposure to extreme physical exertion accompanied by increased efficiency in all groups of animals. In the control group of rats swimming duration increased to 9,31 ± 0,39 min (p < 0,001) and reached maximum values at the 9th day of the experiment. Physical endurance in rats exceeded by 1,7 times comparison reference values when «Gistohrom®» administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and by 2,7 times at a 1 mg/kg drug dose. Maximum growth endurance was recorded at 25,59 ± 3,87 minutes after the cancellation of «Gistohrom®» applied in a dose of 10 mg/kg, and at 28,24 ± 4,23 minutes after its administration at a dose of 1 mg/kg.

Conclusion. The increase of the time water retention in the control rats group, appears to be the result of long-term adaptation to physical exercise. Increase physical endurance in rats with long-term administration «Gistohrom®» inversely proportional to the administered dose. Perhaps the key mechanism is to modulate the p53 gene activity by echinochrome A.

Aim of the study is identifying the causes of decompensation of metabolism in children with different levels of HbA1c by studying daily glycemic profiles using a continuous monitoring system (CGMS, Medtronic MiniMed, USA).

Materials and methods. Blood glucose of 207 type 1 diabetes children with different compensation level was researched by continuous glucose monitoring system (СGMS). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using XLSTATS 4.0 program.

Results. The causes of diabetes suboptimal control were deficit of bolus insulin doses in 53%, «dawn phenomenon» in 23%, hidden night hypoglycemia in 26%. Patients with HbA1c level higher than 9% have deficit short acting and basal insulin that was the cause of bad metabolic control. The compare of selfcontrol results and CGMS data was preformed and pointed the importance of glucose monitoring system for decompensation causes identification.

The literature review focuses on the role of various growth factors in the developing vasculature of the ovary. Vascularization plays an important role in physiological processes such as development and atresia of a follicle, the formation of the yellow body and the pathological: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, the formation of follicular cysts, the development of cystic ovaries, endometriosis, dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The main angiogenic factor identified vascular endothelial growth factor, participates independently and through the mediating factors in baryogenesis, which plays an important role in endothelial cell differentiation and development of vascular pattern, stimulating endothelial proliferation, migration and survival of extravascular cells of the ovary. Angiogenic activity in the ovary is also under the control of other growth factors: fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, platelet growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 and cytokines such as tumor necrotic factor, interleukins, components of the extracellular matrix (laminin, fibronectin) and their receptors (integrins), matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors and regulators, proteases (plasminogen, activators urokinase and urokinase tissue type), as well as hypoxia, hypoglycemia and stress. Presents different points of view on the problem of vasculogenesis in the female gonad, as well as directions for future fundamental and practical research.

The authors of the review have analyzed papers published on the problem of remodeling of the left ventricle (LV), which is in accordance with a consensus paper from an International Forum on Cardiac Remodeling may be defined as genome expression, molecular, cellular and interstitial changes that are manifested clinically as changes in size, shape and function of the LV after cardiac injury. Remodeling of the LV is often seen as a nonspecific process independent of the nature of the underlying disease (cluster of disease). This approach, contrary to the theory of multimodal response of the myocardium (myocytes and interstitium) on the molecular-genetic, cellular, tissue, and organ levels, largely depending on the nature and duration of the triggering factor, as well as modern ideas about the types of LV remodeling and dividing the latter into serdechadaptive and non-adaptive forms, was the subject of legitimate criticism. Analyzed scenarios the molecular and cellular events, as well as deals with diagnosis of left ventricular remodeling. Discusses the classification of LV remodeling.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of features of somatic pathology in children with low, very low and extremely low body weight at birth at different ages of life, according to foreign cohort studies of newborns with different gestational age and weight into electronic databases PubMed, Medscape. The results of the study demonstrated the fact that the vast majority of children in the study population are have impaired the physical and neuropsychological development, and associated with prematurity, respiratory, cardiovascular and hematopoietic diseases in older age. In this connection, currently there is a need not only use latest technology of nursing of newborns with a gestational age less than 37 weeks, which increases the survival of low-birth-weight cohort of patients, but also provide full preventive care in women with high perinatal risk and threat of preterm labor, that will prevent in the future the development and progression of disabling diseases in the population of premature infants. 

Presented clinical cases of patients with a diagnosis of gluten enteropathy in treatment in the department of gastroenterology Regional Clinical Hospital. The case is of interest to doctors of different specialties for the differential diagnosis of anemia and malabsorption syndrome, demonstrate both the classic version, and atypical forms of the disease course. Diagnosis of celiac disease is based on three key positions: clinical findings, histology and serological markers. The clinical picture of celiac disease is characterized by pronounced polymorphism, by going beyond the a gastroenterological pathology. For screening of gluten sensitive celiac typically used an antibody to tissue transglutaminase. Morphological research of the mucous membrane of the small intestine is the determining criterion in the diagnosis of celiac disease. The use of specific gluten-free diet leads to the positive dynamics of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients.